Neuroscience
What part of the brain shrinks most rapidly when we age?
Frontal lobe
What is positivity bias?
We are more likely to recall positive memories as we age
What is the dud effect?
When people are more wrong and confident in mistakes due to "duds" included in the line-up.
What is change blindness blindness?
When we believe we aren't affected by change blindness
Which type of memory is most severely impacted by aging?
Episodic
Where do we see less activity when encoding faces from other races?
Fronto-parietal network
What is psychogenic amnesia?
Amnesia without clear neurological cause.
This disorder is characterized by face blindness
Prosopagnosia
What is the weapon focus effect?
When the presence of a weapon draws attentional resources away from other details.
This type of memory refers to remember to do something in the future.
Prospective memory
During retrieval suppression, how do PFC and hippocampal activity change?
PFC activity increases; hippocampal activity decreases
What is hypermnesia?
Improved recall from repeated testing on same material.
What is the difference between suppression and repression?
Suppression is choosing to forget. Repression is unconsciously forgetting as an automatic defense mechanism (freud's term).
During an interview your asked a leading question that alters your memory of the crime. What type of interference is this?
Retroactive
Episodic memories start to steeply decline after what age?
60
During thought substitution, how do PFC and hippocampal activity change?
PFC activity increases; hippocampal activity increases
Which hypothesis claims we exert more attentional resources when told to remember?
Selective rehearsal hypothesis
What are three effective techniques for interviewing an eye witness?
Ask open ended questions, don't interrupt, ask relevant follow-ups, encourage reinstatement of context.
What are three ways lab research differs from real-life eye witness experiences?
bystander vs. victim, stress, number of perspectives, time viewing scene/perp, consequences of inaccuracy.
Why might exercise help fight cognitive decline?
Better blood flow to brain; better arterial elasticity
Neurally, how does retrieval suppression decrease emotional intensity?
Decrease amygdala activity
What are the two hypotheses that explain why directed forgetting works?
Retrieval inhibition and context shift.
What are the two ways we can stop the retrieval of an unwanted memory?
Direct suppression and thought substitution
What does unconscious transference mean?
When you misidentify a familiar but innocent face as belonging to a culprit
This specific hypothesis claims that issues with episodic memory are due to a decline in learning capacity
Associative deficit hypothesis