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initial, momentary storage of information that only lasts for an instant
Sensory Memory
Repetition that allows us to transfer the information into long-term memory
Rehearsal
What is short term memory?
The things you have in your conscious mind at any one moment
Hold information for 15-25 seconds
Stores it according to its meaning
the act of filling in memory gaps
Confabulation
associating new information with already stored knowledge to make it memorable
Elaborative Rehearsal
visual
Iconic Memory
Set of active, temporary memory stores that manipulate and rehearse information
Working memory
he transforming of information so that the nervous system can process it
Encoding
conceptual frameworks a person uses to make sense of the world
Schema
associating new information with already stored knowledge to make it memorable
Elaborative Rehearsal
auditory
Echoic memory
Information stored on a relatively permanent basis
Long term memory
information is maintained over time
Storage
memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have heard it before.
Recognition
continually being tested on the same material
Retrieval Practice
meaningful group of information
Chunk
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Declarative Memory – factual information
Procedural Memory – memory for skills and habits
information is brought to mind from storage
Retrieval
sensory information is summarized and encoded as words or images almost as soon as it is decoded
Effective encoding
strategies and tricks for improving memory
Mnemonics
the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember
Chunking
What are the two types of declarative memory?
Semantic Memory – general knowledge about language
Episodic Memory – events that occurred at a specific time or place
memory task in which specific information must be retrieved
Recall
processing the meaning rather than simply memorizing
Deep processing
what are the two types of amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia – Amnesia in which memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event
Anterograde Amnesia – Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that follow an injury