Information Process
Effects
Types of Memory
Thinking
Forgetting
100
the retention of encoded material over time
What is Storage?
100
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
What is Serial Positioning Effect?
100
clear moment of an emotionally significant event
What is Flashbulb Memory?
100
mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people.
What is Concepts?
100
the information never has the chance to enter our Long Term Memory. (we fail to encode the information)
What is Encoding Failure?
200
the encoding of meaning. (meaning of words)
What is Semantic encoding?
200
example: Debby decides that if she wants to make a good grade on her chemistry test that is 2 weeks away, she will study every night for at least one hour until the day of the exam.
What is Spacing Effect?
200
type of Long Term Memory. declarative, with conscious recall. Split in semantic memory (facts and general knowledge) and episodic memory (personally experienced events)
What is Explicit Memory?
200
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution of to a problem. No strategy involved.
What is insight?
200
example: I have trouble recalling my old phone number, because I get it mixed up with my new number.
What is Retroactive Interference?
300
lasts usually between 3-12 seconds . can store 7(plus or minus 2) chunks of information. we recall digits better than letters.
What is short-term memory?
300
occurs when people respond faster or better to an item if a similar item preceded it.
What is Priming Effect?
300
fleeting photographic memories
What is iconic memory?
300
example: people tend to seek out positive information that paints their favored candidates in a good light while looking for information that casts the opposing candidate in a negative light.
What is Confirmation Bias?
300
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference?
400
organizing items into familiar, manageable units?
What is chunking?
400
we seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next
What is the next-in-line effect?
400
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood congruent memory?
400
clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
What is Belief Perseverance?
400
the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
What is Repression?
500
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
What is effortful processing?
500
It helps to place yourself back in the same environment where you encoded the information. example: If you studied for a test in your favorite chair at home, you will more than likely score higher on the test if you had the ability to take it while sitting in that same chair then in the desk at the school.
What is Context Effect?
500
example 1: When a skilled typist is typing on a keyboard, she does not need to look at each key. Instead, she is able to type without recalling the placement of each key. example 2: Driving a car, the driver of the car drives without conjuring up each task that is necessary to be completed while driving.
What is Implicit Memory?
500
a rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
What is representative heuristic?
500
sometimes after a memory is formed false information is added which changes or causes recollection
What is misinformation effect?
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