Mendel
Mendel started his work with what kind of plants?
purebred
This is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variations in organisms.
Genetics
What tool do scientist use to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses?
Punnett square
How many alleles for a given trait do each offspring get from one parent?
one
In Genetics, the mating of two organisms is called a what?
Cross
The offspring of Mendel’s first cross (the parental cross) all had this genotype
heterozygous
What do you call any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus?
alleles
A cross that examines the inheritance of only one specific trait is called what?
monohybrid cross
What is the probability that you can flip a coin and get heads twice in a row?
1/4
Crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits are called what?
dihybrid crosses
What are two reasons that pea plants were a good choice for Mendel to use.
Easy to grow, Produce large l# of offspring, Few traits. Grow quickly.
Two alleles that are the same are said to be this.
homozygous
If you cross two organisms that are homozygous for two different forms of a trait, what will the genotype of the offspring be?
All will be the same. They will have one allele from each parent.
What idea explains why two genes located close together on a chromosome will most likely be inherited together?
gene linkage
What do you call the likelihood that a particular event will happen?
probability
Why didn’t one of the traits from Mendels first cross show up in the first generation?
It was recessive
The physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism make up its what?
phenotype
If you don’t know the genotype of a particular organism, how can you determine it?
do a test cross
What law states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation?
Law of independent assortment
All of the genes of an organism are called its what?
genome
What are the two parts to Mendel’s Law of Segregation?
Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent
And organism donate only one copy of each gene to their gametes
Explain why an organism’s genotype can be homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous but never heterozygous recessive.
If it is heterozygous, it will have one dominate gene and that will prevent the recessive one from showing up.
If you cross a parent that is Pp with a parent that is pp (where P is purple and p is white) what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios?
½ Pp; ½ pp
½ purple; ½ white
What are the two ways that sexual reproduction creates unique gene combination?
Crossing over and random combinations of alleles in gametes
What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring if you cross two heterozygous parents for height.
Tall (T) is dominant to short (t).
¼ TT; !/2 Tt; !/4 tt
¾ tall; ¼ short