basic genetic terms
What do we call the different forms of the same gene?
Alleles
Who is known as the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
Which law states that one allele masks another?
Answer: Law of Dominance
What tool is used to predict offspring genotypes?
Answer: Punnett square
Inheritance patterns that do not follow Mendel’s laws are called __________ genetics.
on-Mendelian genetics
Which term refers to the physical appearance of an organism?
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Allele
D. Chromosome
B. Phenotype
What plant did Mendel use in his experiments?
Pea plant
Which law explains that allele pairs separate during gamete formation?
Answer: Law of Segregation
What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross (Aa × Aa)?
Answer: 3 : 1
What inheritance pattern shows both alleles fully expressed?
Codominance
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is called __________.
Homozygous
Why were pea plants good for Mendel’s experiments?
A. They grow very fast
B. They have many observable traits
C. They can self-pollinate
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which law applies to genes located on different chromosomes?
A. Dominance
B. Segregation
C. Independent Assortment
D. Codominance
Answer: C. Independent Assortment
What is the genotypic ratio of Aa × Aa?
A. 3:1
B. 1:1
C. 1:2:1
D. 9:3:3:1
Answer: C. 1:2:1
A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers.
This is an example of __________.
Incomplete dominance
This word has 8 letters and means the genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
This experiment involved crossing purebred plants and observing the F₁ generation.
Monohybrid cross
This law has 21 letters (no spaces) and explains why traits are inherited independently.
Answer: IndependentAssortment
This ratio is 9:3:3:1 and comes from a __________ cross.
Dihybrid cross
This condition affects mostly males and is linked to the X chromosome.
(Starts with “C”, 9 letters)
Colorblind
What term describes an organism that has two different alleles for a trait?
Heterozygous
What generation is produced by crossing the F₁ generation with itself?
F₂ generation
Which Mendelian law is not always true when genes are linked?
Answer: Law of Independent Assortment
f a parent has genotype aa, what type of gametes will it produce?
Only “a” gametes
What type of inheritance involves more than one gene controlling a trait (e.g., skin color)?
Answer: Polygenic inheritance