Mendelian Genetics 1
Law that describes sorting of alleles for two (or more) different genes being sorted into gametes without affecting each other.
What is independent assortment?
An inheritance pattern that involves both alleles in a genotype being partially expressed.
What is incomplete dominance?
This type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons.
What is Covalent Bonding?
This is the main reactant and product of the first stage of cellular respiration (glycolysis).
What is lactose presence?
A variable, typically represented on the Y-axis, that a researcher is measuring.
What is a dependent variable?
A variable, typically represented on the x-axis, that a researcher is manipulating.
Phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between a heterozygote and a homozygous recessive organism.
A term that describes partial expressivity of a genotype, in other words, individuals with a certain genotype may or may not develop a phenotype associated with the genotype.
What is incomplete penetrance?
This macromolecule is the most abundant in the cell membrane
What is a lipid?
The products of photosystem I and II that are necessary for the Calvin cycle.
What is NADPH and ATP.
Environmental condition in which the lac operon is not transcribed and the repressor protein binds to the operator.
This is the stage of cellular respiration in which a majority of ATP are produced.
What is oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain?
A lab technique that is used to amplify DNA by thermocycling
What is PCR?
Law that describes the presence of only one allele from each parent passing to an offspring.
What is Mendel's law of segregation?
A phenomenon that describes that the effect of a gene is dependent on the presence or absence of in one or more other genes.
What is epistasis?
This type of bonding involves the transfer of electrons and the formation of oppositely charged ions
What is Ionic Bonding?
A pigment found in plant cells that is able to absorb photons
What is chlorophyll?
Term that describes the production of multiple protein products from a single gene sequence during RNA processing.
What is alternative splicing?
Enzyme that unwinds DNA during DNA replication.
What is helicase?
List the phases of the cell cycle in order and describe their purpose.
g1- cell growth
s- DNA replication
g2- cell growth
m- cell division
A classic Mendelian ratio for a dihybrid cross in which the alleles of two different genes assort independently into gametes. Specifically, for a dihybrid cross (BbEe × bbee) in which one individual is heterozygous for both genes and one is homozygous recessive for both genes.
What is the 1:1:1:1 ratio
An inheritance pattern that involves both alleles in a genotype being fully expressed.
What is complete dominance?
These are the two possible types of secondary structure for a protein
What is alpha helix and beta sheet?
Key enzymes that create the complementary strand during DNA replication and transcription.
What is DNA polymerase (DNA replication)? What is RNA polymerase (transcription)?
The mechanisms of genetic diversity during meiosis.
What is crossing over and independent assortment?
This molecule maintains the fluidity of the cellular membrane.
What is cholesterol?
A chemical reaction that involves a net release of energy and is considered spontaneous.
What is an exergonic reaction?
A classic Mendelian ratio for a dihybrid cross in which the alleles of two different genes assort independently into gametes. Specifically, for a dihybrid cross (BbEe × BbEe) in which individuals are heterozygous for both genes.
What is the 9:3:3:1 ratio.
Name the alleles involved in determining blood type. Name the pattern of inheritance that blood type follows.
Codominance
IA- A blood typeIB- B blood type
i- O blood type
Name the macromolecules and their monomers.
Lipids-fatty acid+ glycerol
Proteins- amino acids
Carbohydrates- monosaccharides
Nucleic acids- nucleotides
A process that occurs at the end of mitosis and differs between animal and plant cells
What is cytokinesis?
What is phosphorylation cascade by kinases, production of secondary messengers, and nuclear localization.
What is NAD+ and FADH
What is competitive inhibition?