Biopsychosocial model
What are the three types of risk factors?
Biological, Psychological and Social
Define resilience
•The ability to cope with and adapt well to life stressors and restore positive functioning.
•It means ‘bouncing back’ from adversity or difficult experiences.
What is informed consent?
The process by which a researcher discloses appropriate information to a potential research participant so that the person may make a voluntary and informed choice about whether or not to participate.
What is the mental health continuum?
Looks at the varying levels of mental health, from mentally healthy, to a mental health problem to a mental illness/disorder.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Proposes that health and illness outcomes are a result of interactions between the biological (internal), psychological (internal), and social (external) factors.
Which type of risk factors increases both susceptibility and occurrence of a mental disorder?
Precipitating
What is the purpose of the use of placebos in mental health experiments?
The purpose of placebos in mental health experiments is to eliminate the placebo effect
What is stigma?
Refers to social disapproval of an individual’s personal characteristics or beliefs, or social disapproval of a type of behaviour
Define rumination
The compulsively focused attention on the symptoms of one’s distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, rather than its solutions.
True or False. Self-efficacy is a psychological, predisposing risk factor.
True
What are the requirements in order for a placebo to be administered ethically
- The experiment mjust be justifiable
- Potential harm to participants must be minimised or avoided
- Participants are made aware of all potential risks involved
List three characteristics of someone with a high level of emotional wellbeing.
Awareness and understanding of their own emotions
Regulate their emotions
Express a range of emotions in an appropriate way
Accept mistakes and setbacks
Adapt to the changing environment
Take on challenges/risks etc.
What is an internal and external factor on mental health and provide an example of both
Internal originates within a person
e.g genes, substance use, thoughts and attitudes etc.
External factors originate outside of a person
e.g school, work, violence and relationships etc.
Provide an example for each of the 4P's
Predisposing- genetics, physical illness, self-efficacy etc.
Precipitating- poor sleep, substance abuse etc.
Perpetuating- substance abuse, rumination etc.
Protective- strong support network, satisfying job etc
What information must participants be made aware of to satisfy the ethical principle of informed consent before agreeing to participate in a mental health experiment?
Nature of the study
Any risks involved
Their rights
Define mental illness
Psychological dysfunction that usually involves impairment in coping ability with feeling and behaviours that are atypical and inappropriate within their culture
Explain how biopsychosocial frameworks have changed the way health professionals consider health and wellbeing.
- Previously, mental health and physical health were considered two separate concepts. The biopsychosocial framework unites these.
- The biopsychosocial framework considers the individual as a unique being, influenced by the interaction of all three of these factors (biological, psychological and social).
- The biopsychosocial framework has caused thinking to progress from the medical model of health and wellbeing.
- The biopsychosocial framework has contributed to the application of a functional model of health and wellbeing.
Define all of the 4P's
Predisposing-increase a person’s vulnerability to developing a mental health problem
Precipitating risk factors trigger the onset or exacerbation of a mental health problem.
Perpetuating risk factors prolong the course of the disorder and inhibit recovery
Protective factors enhance or have a positive impact on the health of an individual
Awareness of the side effects of taking placebos is not needed when using placebos in mental health research.
True or False
True
Placebos don’t have side effects; they are typically sugar pills.
The APS has described six different but interrelated ‘wellness’ domains, each of which contributes to a person’s overall sense of wellbeing. List them.
Intellectual
Physical
Emotional
Spiritual
Socail
Vocational