Chapter 13
A disorder that can develop after traumatic exposure, involving intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in mood or thinking, and heightened arousal that persist and interfere with life.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A learning disorder involving difficulty with accurate or fluent word reading, decoding, and spelling.
Dyslexia
The progression of abilities and functioning over time, including physical, cognitive, emotional, language, and social skills.
Development
An older diagnostic category for conditions involving significant difficulties in social interaction, communication, and behavior; several former diagnoses are now included within autism spectrum disorder.
Pervasive developmental disorders
Disorders involving a persistent pattern of behavior that violates others’ basic rights or major age-appropriate rules, such as aggression, theft, or destruction of property.
Conduct disorders
A neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Conditions that interfere with understanding or expressing language, producing speech sounds, speaking fluently, or using communication socially.
Communication disorders
A mental disorder that can involve delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or behavior, reduced motivation, and difficulties with cognitive and daily functioning.
Schizophrenia
Physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment that harms a person or places them at risk of harm.
Abuse
Describing development that progresses from the center of the body outward toward the hands, feet, fingers, and toes.
Proximal-distal
The current term for limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills, such as communication, self-care, and daily living, beginning during development.
Intellectual disability
An older term for disorders involving distressing physical symptoms and associated psychological concerns. Symptoms are not necessarily medically unexplained or intentionally produced.
Somatic symptom and related disorders
A neurodevelopmental condition involving differences or difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests
Autism
Failure to provide necessary care or meet a dependent person’s basic needs, such as food, shelter, supervision, education, or medical care.
Neglect
Unwanted aggressive behavior involving a real or perceived power imbalance that is repeated or likely to be repeated.
Bullying
Being subjected to harm, abuse, exploitation, bullying, or other mistreatment by another person or group.
Victimization
A feeling of apprehension, worry, or uneasiness about a perceived threat or uncertain outcome, often accompanied by physical symptoms.
Anxiety
Persistent eating of nonfood, nonnutritive substances, such as dirt or paper, when inappropriate for the person’s developmental level and not part of a cultural practice.
Pica
Repeated urination into clothing or bedding at an age when bladder control is expected; it may occur during sleep or while awake.
Enuresis
A measurable increase in physical size, such as height, weight, or body dimensions.
Growth
Repeated passage of stool in inappropriate places, such as clothing, at an age when bowel control is expected; often associated with constipation and overflow soiling.
Encopresis
Describing development that progresses from the head downward toward the feet.
Cephalocaudal
A neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent difficulty learning and using academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
Learning disorder