Chapter 20
The emotional, physical, cognitive, social, and spiritual response to a significant loss.
The absence of, or separation from, someone or something a person values.
Loss
A period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increased energy and activity that is less severe than mania and does not cause marked impairment, require hospitalization, or include psychosis.
Hypomania
Depression with a recurring seasonal pattern, most commonly beginning in fall or winter and improving in spring or summer.
Seasonal affective disorder
A response to an experience involving feelings, physical changes, thoughts, and expressions or behaviors.
Emotion
The outward expression of grief through behaviors, rituals, and cultural or religious practices.
Mourning
Grief experienced before an expected loss, such as during a loved one’s terminal illness.
Anticipatory grief
An informal term for depressive feelings or symptoms arising in response to a stressful event or life change; it may sometimes be diagnosed as adjustment disorder with depressed mood.
The outward expression of emotion observed through facial expressions, tone of voice, and behavior.
Affect
Disorders primarily involving disturbances in mood, including depressive and bipolar disorders; another term for mood disorders.
Affective disorders
The state of having experienced the death of someone significant, including the period of adjustment that follows.
Bereavement
The individual, ongoing process of experiencing grief and adapting to life after a loss; it does not follow a fixed sequence.
Grieving process
A lack of energy that may make everyday activities difficult.
Anergia
An older name for bipolar disorder.
Manic-depressive illness
A long-term pattern of fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
Cyclothymic disorder
Losses involving aspects of oneself, such as abilities, independence, identity, self-esteem, or hopes for the future.
Internal losses
The physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes a person may experience as life approaches its end.
Dying process
A mood disturbance involving persistent sadness or loss of interest, often accompanied by changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, and functioning.
Depression
A period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increased energy and activity that causes marked impairment, requires hospitalization, or includes psychosis.
Mania
An older term for chronic depression, now generally called persistent depressive disorder, involving a depressed mood lasting at least two years in adults.
Dysthymia
Losses involving people, objects, or circumstances outside oneself, such as a loved one, home, job, or possessions.
External losses
Comprehensive care for people approaching the end of life that emphasizes comfort, quality of life, and support for patients and families.
Hospice
A depressive episode occurring after childbirth that can interfere with daily functioning and caring for oneself or the baby.
Postpartum depression
A reduced ability to experience pleasure or interest in activities that were previously enjoyable.
Anhedonia
A condition involving significant disturbances in a person’s sustained emotional state, such as depression or bipolar disorder.
Mood disorder
Persistent, intense grief that significantly interferes with daily functioning and adjustment to a loss; closely related to what is now called prolonged grief disorder.
Complicated grief
An illness expected to result in death because it cannot be cured or adequately reversed by available treatment.
Terminal illness
A disorder involving episodes of mania or hypomania and, commonly, depression, with changes in energy, activity, and functioning.
Bipolar disorder
The degree of religious involvement or preoccupation. In a symptom context, it may refer to unusually intense religious focus; religious devotion alone is not a disorder.
Religiosity