Anxiety Disorders
This disorder is characterized by excessive, persistent and uncontrollable worry about everyday life events. It involves prolonged and disproportionate worry that interferes with everyday life.
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes worry and anxiety occurring most days for at least 6 months about multiple events and must include the presence of at least 3 of the following symptoms: restlessness or feeling "on edge, fatigue, difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.
This disorder is characterized by prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. It significantly impairs cognitive, emotional, and physical functioning.
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes the presence of at least 5 of the following symptoms for at least 2 weeks with at least 1 symptom being either depressed mood or anhedonia: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia), significant weight loss/gain or changes in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or slowing, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or SI.
This disorder is characterized by distorted thinking, abnormal perceptions, disorganized behavior, and impaired emotional regulation.
What is Schizophrenia?
DSM Criteria is based on the presence of at least 2 or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month with 1 symptom being from the first 3 categories: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (decreased emotional expression, lack of motivation, reduced speech), must persist for at least 6 months and must cause significant impairment in daily functioning.
This disorder is characterized by emotional instability, impulsive behaviors, unstable relationships, and an intense fear or abandonment.
What is Borderline Personality Disorder?
BPD is diagnosed when an individual exhibits 5 or more of the following symptoms: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image or sense of identity, impulsivity in at least 2 self-damaging areas (spending, substance use, driving, binge eating, etc.), recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures or self-harm, severe mood instability, intense, inappropriate anger or difficulty controlling anger, transient stress-related paranoia or severe dissociation, chronic feelings of emptiness.
This disorder develops after exposure to a traumatic event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. It is characterized by intrusive memories, emotional distress, avoidance behaviors, negative mood changes, and heightened arousal.
What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?
PTSD is diagnosed with an individual experiences symptoms for at least 1 month after exposure to a traumatic event involving: direct experience or witnessing of traumatic events, learning that a close relative or friend experienced trauma, or repeated exposure to traumatic details.
This disorder is characterized by recurrent and unexpected attacks, which involve intense fear, physical discomfort and psychological distress. It occurs suddenly and without an obvious trigger.
What is Panic Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes at least one panic attack is followed by one or more months of persistent concern about having additional attacks or significant changes in behavior to avoid attacks and the presence of at least 4 of the following symptoms: palpitations or rapid heart rate, sweating, trembling or shaking, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, nausea or abdominal distress, dizziness, chills or hot flashes, numbness or tingling, derealization, fear of losing control, fear of dying.
This disorder is characterized by episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression, leading to significant fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior. These episodes are severe, persistent, and disrupt daily functioning.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar 1 disorder includes manic episodes lasting at least 7 days, depressive episodes lasting at least 2 weeks and may include psychotic features.
Bipolar 2 disorder includes hypomanic episodes lasting at least 4 days, major depressive episodes lasting at least 2 weeks, no psychotic features during hypomania.
Mixed features include simultaneous symptoms of mania/hypomania and depression.
This disorder combines symptoms of schizophrenia (psychosis) and mood disorders (depression or mania). It is a complex disorder that shares features with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
What is Schizoaffective Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes a period of at least 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms occurring in the absence of major mood symptoms, a major mood episode (depressive or manic), symptoms of schizophrenia (disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms).
This disorder is characterized by persistent disregard for social norms, lack of empathy, deceitfulness, and impulsive or aggressive behaviors. Individuals frequently violate the rights of others, engage in manipulative behavior, and show little remorse for their actions.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 indicated by at least 3 of the following: repeated law-breaking, deceitfulness, impulsivity or failure to plan ahead, irritability and aggressiveness, recklessness disregard for the safety or self or others, consistent irresponsibility, lack of remorse. The individual must be at least 18 years old, evidence of Conduct Disorder must be present before age 15, behaviors are not exclusively due to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
This disorder is characterized by intrusive, distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing distress.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes the presence of obsessions: recurrent and persistent thoughts, images or urges that are intrusive and unwanted and difficult to control or suppress, and compulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or rigid rule.
This disorder is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might be scrutinized, judged or humiliated. It involved excessive and persistent anxiety that interferes with daily functioning, leading to avoidance.
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes intense fear or anxiety in one or more social situations, fear of acting in a way that will lead to embarrassment, humiliation or negative evaluation, social situations almost always provoke anxiety, avoidance of social situations or enduring them with intense distress, symptoms persist for at least 6 months and cause significant impairment in life.
This disorder is a recurrent form of depression that occurs seasonally, most commonly during the fall and winter months, with remission in the spring or summer, but can also occur in the summer months and improve in the fall or winter.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes onset and remission of depressive episodes occur at specific times of the year for at least 2 consecutive years, symptoms occur more frequently during a specific season than other times, and cause significant distress or impairment in daily life.
This disorder is characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior. These symptoms appear abruptly and last for at least 1 day but less than 1 month.
What is Brief Psychotic Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes sudden onset of at least 1 of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, symptoms last for at least 1 day but do not exceed 1 month, return to full baseline after the episode, symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Individuals often exhibit grandiosity, entitlement, and fragile self-esteem.
What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes 5 or more of the following traits: grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love, belief in being "special" and only associating with high-status individuals or institutions, excessive need for admiration, sense of entitlement, exploitativeness, lack of empathy, envy of others or belief that others envy them, arrogant behaviors or attitudes.
This disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value, due to a perceived need to save them. This results in excessive accumulation of clutter that disrupts living spaces, daily functioning and social interactions.
DSM Criteria includes persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, strong distress associated with discarding items, accumulation of possessions that clutter active living areas, making them unusable, significant distress or impairment in daily life, not attributable to other medical condition or mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by intense, irrational fears of particular objects, situations, or activities that lead to avoidance behaviors and significant distress. It is disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the stimulus and can significantly impact functioning.
What are Phobias?
DSM Criteria includes marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, exposure to the fear object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety, the fear is excessive or disproportionate to the actual threat, avoidance of the feared stimulus or extreme distress when confronted with it, symptoms persist for at least 6 months and cause significant distress or impairment in life, not better explained by another mental disorder (PTSD, OCD).
This disorder is a chronic and long-lasting form of depression characterized by low mood, fatigue, and low self-esteem lasting for at least 2 years. It is less severe that MDD but more persistent.
What is Dysthymia or Persistent Depressive Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years, during the 2 year period, the individual has not been without symptoms for more than 2 consecutive months, at least 2 of the following symptoms must be present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, feelings of hopelessness.
This disorder is characterized by the presence of persistent, non-bizzare delusions lasting at least 1 month without other significant psychotic symptoms. Unlike other psychotic disorders, individuals do not experience prominent hallucinations, disorganized thinking, or significant impairment in daily functioning beyond the impact of their delusions.
What is Delusional Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes 1 or more delusion lasting at least 1 month, delusions are non-bizzare (plausible but false) and involve real-life situations, functioning is not significantly impaired outside of delusional beliefs.
This disorder is characterized by extreme social inhibition, hypersensitivity to criticism, feelings of inadequacy, and an intense fear of rejection or humiliation. Individuals often struggle with deep-seated social anxiety and low self-esteem.
What is Avoidant Personality Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes 4 or more of the following traits: avoidance of occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact due to fear of criticism or rejection, unwillingness to engage in relationships unless certain of being liked, restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of being shamed or ridiculed, preoccupation with being criticized or rejected in social situations, inhibition in new social situations due to feelings of inadequacy, self-perception of being socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others, reluctance to take risks or engage in new activities for a fear of embarrassment.
This disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and development. It affects individuals across the lifespan, with symptoms often emerging in early childhood and persisting into adolescence and adulthood.
What is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Symptoms must appear before age 12 (even if diagnosed later), occur in multiple settings and cause significant impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning.
Name at least 2 ways to treat and manage anxiety disorders.
What are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Exposure Therapy, relaxation techniques (breathing exercises, meditation, mindfulness), support groups, regular exercise, limited caffeine intake, journaling, medication treatment, etc.
This disorder is characterized by frequent mood fluctuations between hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for Bipolar 1 or Bipolar 2 disorder. Individuals experience unstable moods over an extended period, often lasting 2 years or more, but are less severe than a full manic or major depressive episode.
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes chronic mood fluctuations lasting at least 2 years, individual has not been symptom-free for more than 2 months at a time, symptoms do not meet full criteria for Bipolar 1, Bipolar 2 or MDD.
This disorder is a rare psychiatric condition in which a delusion is transmitted from one individual to another. Typically, one person develops a fixed delusion, and the secondary person adopts the delusional belief due to close emotional ties. This disorder can also affect more than two individuals.
What is Shared Psychotic Disorder aka Folie a Deux (French for "madness of two").
DSM Criteria includes a dominant individual with a primary psychotic disorder transmits a delusional belief to a second person, the secondary person adopts and internalizes the delusional belief without other psychotic symptoms, the delusion is not due to another mental disorder or substance use, symptoms resolve in the secondary person once separated from the primary individual.
This disorder is characterized by excessive preoccupation with order, perfectionism, control, and rigid adherence to rules and moral principles.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
DSM Criteria includes 4 or more of the following symptoms: preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization or schedules, perfectionism that interferes with task completion, excessive devotion to work and productivity at the expense or leisure activities and friendships, over-conscientiousness, inflexibility, and excessive morality or ethics beyond what is necessary, inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects, reluctance to delegate tasks or work with others, miserly spending style toward self and others, rigidity and stubbornness in thoughts, behaviors and decision making.
This disorder is characterized by the persistent consumption of non-nutritive, non-food substances for at least 1 month. Often occurs in children, pregnant women, individuals with developmental disorder, and those with nutritional deficiencies.
What is Pica?
DSM Criteria includes persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for at least 1 month, the behavior is inappropriate for the persons developmental stage, the eating behavior is not part of culturally accepted practices, if the behavior occurs in the context of another mental disorder, it must be severe enough the warrant independent clinical attention.