Mechanism of Action
Diazepam/Valium binds to __1___ causing ___2___
1. GABA receptor - calcium chloride complex
2. depressed neuronal function at multiple sites in the CNS
When a patient starts taking an antidepressant, they should be monitored for _____
Suicidal behavior
The most dangerous adverse reaction of Amitriptyline
Cardiac toxicity
Monitor WBC, CBC, and ANC of patients taking this drug, ___1___ because it can cause __2____. ANC should be above _3____.
1. Clozapine
2. Fatal agranulocytosis
3. 2000
Second generation antipsychotics are also known as ______
Atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine and Olanzapine
Dopamine, serotonin, NE, histamine, ACh
This SSRI works by ______, and can be used for _____ in addition to major depression
1. Selectively blocking reuptake of serotonin to increase concentration in the synapse and produce CNS excitation
2. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Patients taking Phenelzine will experience a hypertensive crisis if _____
These two types of drugs should not be mixed
SSRIs and MAOIs
Has the same mechanism of action as Diazepam (Valium) but instead causes _____
Reduced sleep latency and awakenings, can prolong sleep duration
This drug blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin and blocks ACh receptors. Can be used to treat neuropathic pain.
Amitriptyline
Because this drug can cause fatal agranulocytosis, patients taking drugs that suppress bone marrow function cannot take it
Clozapine
Elevated levels of this drug can cause persistent GI upset, thirst, polyuria, lethargy, muscle weakness, slurred speech, fine hand tremors, confusion, tinnitus
Lithium carbonate (Carbolith)
How long must a patient take an SSRI to feel the therapeutic effects?
Approximately 4 weeks
Describe the mechanism of action of Venlafaxine
Phenelzine is a _____ drug and works by ______
MAOI
Inhibits monoamine oxidase, resulting in accumulation of various NTs in the body
Patients taking Haloperidol (Haldol) should not be taking _____ drugs concurrently
Drugs that prolong QT intervals
Describe the symptoms of Serotonin syndrome.
Agitation, confusion, disorientation, anxiety, hallucinations, poor concentration, incoordination, hyperreflexia, excessive sweating, tremor, fever
The antidote for benzodiazepines is called _____, and its one adverse effect is ______.
Flumazenil
It can precipitate seizures
The therapeutic range of Lithium Carbonate (Carbolith) is ____
Below 1.5 (but above 0.5)
This drug suppresses high frequency neuronal firing by blocking sodium channels; also suppresses calcium through T-type calcium channels and augments the inhibitory influence of GABA
Valproic Acid
This drug can cause neonatal withdrawal syndrome and should not be taken during pregnancy
Venlafaxine
Patients taking this drug _____ may experience ______, meaning they have impaired recall of events that take place after dosing.
1. Diazepam (Valium)
2. Anterograde amnesia
1. High potency first generation antipsychotics produce ______ (more or less) side effects than low potency first generation antipsychotics
2. ______ symptoms respond better than _____ symptoms to Haloperidol (Haldol)
1. less
2. Positive, negative
Lithium excretion is reduced when _____