Anger, Hostility, & Aggression
What theories can explain these behaviors? (hint: neurotransmitter)
Low serotonin levels
What is the rebound effect?
When a client is quickly weaned off a drug, it results in the temporary return of symptoms.
What is the mechanism of action of all antipsychotics?
Blocks receptors for the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE
When does PTSD occur after a traumatic event?
*Bonus: What is the disorder called for stress immediately after an event?
3 months after the trauma
*Acute Stress Disorder
Name 5 common behaviors for someone with ASD
1. Lack spontaneous enjoyment
2. Display little eye contact
3. Hand flapping
4. Body twisting
5. Head banging
What are some effective situation management tools?
Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques such as: Distraction, problem-solving, & changing one's perspective or reframing.
How long can it take to attain optimal therapeutic benefits from some antidepressants?
Up to 4 to 6 weeks
What are dopot injections?
*Bonus: Which antipsychotic drug can be given as a depot injection?
Drug injections that have a time release of 4 weeks.
*Haloperidol
What is the treatment for PTSD?
-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
-Exposure Therapy: designed to confront and face fears
-Adaptive disclosure: "empty chair" technique
What is the treatment for someone with ASD?
Reduce behavioral symptoms and promote learning and development
Clients with aggressive behaviors but NOT psychotic can benefit from which medication?
Lorazepam
What are signs & symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
Hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, agitation, TACHYCARDIA, HYPERTENSION, rigidity
Which drug has a risk of agranulocytosis?
Clozapine
Which medications target symptoms of PTSD?
-SSRI's: Fluoxetine, Sertraline
-SGA: Risperidone
What are 3 nursing interventions for someone with ADHD?
1. Separate tasks into smaller simpler ones
2. Give instructions slowly
3. Ask client to repeat instructions
What are the 5 phases of the aggression cycle?
Triggering, Escalation, Crisis, Recovery, Postcrisis
What are the signs & symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
Rigidity, hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis
What are some foods to avoid while on MAOI antidepressants?
Foods that contain tyramine. Practically all cheeses, soybean, figs, avocados, many meats/fish
What is the most effective way of avoiding pathologic responses to trauma?
Effectively deal with the trauma immediately after it occurs.
What should be avoided while taking Methylphenidate?
Caffeine, sugar, chocolate
Which phase of the aggression cycle should restraints be considered, and what is rule for restraints?
During the crisis phase. A face to face evaluation by the physician within 1 hour
What are the Anticholinergic side effects?
Orthostatic HYPOTENSION, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurry vision, photophobia
What are the three extrapyramidal symptoms?
*Bonus: Which generation of antipsychotics are at a higher risk of EPS?
Dystonia: muscular rigidity and cramping, a stiff or thick tongue w/ difficulty swallowing.
Psuedoparkinsonism: a reaction to meds. that imitates symptoms of Parkinson's.
Akathisia: Having an intense need to move about.
*1st Generation Typical Antipsychotics
Occurs before 5 years of age in response to trauma. Child exhibits minimal social and emotional responses to others.
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
What does Methylphenidate do for clients with ADHD?
Increases attention span, decreases impulsiveness, and hyperactivity