Anxiety
Disorders
Disorders
What is signal anxiety?
A learned response to an anticipated event. (ex: a usually calm student becomes nauseated during examinations)
What are the two basic categories of mood disorders?
Depressive disorders and Bipolar disorders
A person's personality is established in what age group?
Childhood
Define dissociation in your own words.
Involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory
Can be normal (example: daydreaming)
Anorexia Nervosa
Name 2 positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech and behavior
Catatonic behavior
Agitation
How do most psychotropic drugs work?
By altering levels of neurotransmitters in the brain
Which level of anxiety is optimal for learning?
Moderate anxiety
What are the 3 Bipolar disorders?
Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymic disorder
A sudden change in personality is a normal sign of aging for an older adult. True or false?
False
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) was formerly called what?
Multiple Personality Disorder
Name 5 physical symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
Dizziness/syncope
Dry skin
Brittle nails
Lanugo
Cold intolerance
Osteopenia/osteoporosis
Dehydration
Renal failure
Constipation
Amenorrhea
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Anemia
Name 2 negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Blunted affect
Emotional withdrawal/isolation
Apathy
Alogia
Avolition
Anhedonia
Diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam are all examples of which type of drug class?
Benzodiazepines
What is agoraphobia?
Anxiety about possible situations in which a panic attack may occur
What is the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Recurrent major depressive episodes for > 2 years
What are the 3 groups of personality disorders?
Eccentric Cluster (Group A)
Erratic Cluster (Group B)
Fearful Cluster (Group C)
What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?
Depersonalization - one feels detached from body
Derealization - one feels surroundings aren't real
Name 3 physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa.
Erosion of dental enamel
Parotiditis
Bad breath
Chronic sore throat
Indigestion/heart burn
Inflamed/rupture of esophagus
Calloused knuckles
Muscle cramps
Name 3 speech problems commonly seen with schizophrenia.
Clang associations
Concrete thinking
Echolalia
Flight of ideas
Ideas of reference
Loose associations
Mutism
Neologisms
Verbigeration
Pressured speech
Word salad
What type of antidepressant must individuals limit their intake of tyramine-rich foods while taking?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
What are the 2 components of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
2. Compulsions (inappropriate behaviors that must be performed to reduce anxiety)
What is dysthymia?
Daily, moderate depression that lasts for > 2 years
What are the 2 personality disorders that are characterized by attention-seeking behavior?
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Amnesic fugue
Name 3 ways an individual with bulimia nervosa can purge.
Vomiting
Diuretics
Laxatives
Enemas
Syrup of ipecac
What are the 4 extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) associated with antipsychotic medications?
Acute dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia (TD)
Name 3 differences between benzodiazepines and buspirone (Buspar) related to the treatment of anxiety.
1. Buspar is less addicting than benzos.
2. Benzos take a few hours to take effect; Buspar takes weeks.
3. Buspar does not cause sedation.
What is the difference between systematic desensitization and flooding?
Systematic desensitization is where the client learns to cope with one anxiety-provoking stimulus at a time until the stressor is no longer associated with anxiety.
Flooding is the rapid and repeated exposure to the feared object or situation until anxiety levels diminish.
Who is a candidate for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Someone with severe, long-lasting, and refractory depression and doesn't have a history of cardiac problems, high/low blood pressure, or stroke.
Children with conduct disorders can grow up to be adults with what personality disorder?
Antisocial personality disorder
Name 2 signs/symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).
Personal history is full of time losses
Unexplained possessions or changes in relationships
Out-of-body experiences
Awareness of other parts of the self
Feelings that behaviors or emotions are "not theirs"
Patterns of speech and actions which the client has no control over
Nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, and sleepwalking disorder are examples of which kind of sleep-wake disorder?
Parasomnias
What is schizoaffective disorder?
Symptoms of schizophrenia but instead of a flat/blunted affect, the individual has changes in mood (either depression or mania).
The following symptoms describe what adverse reaction to an antidepressant?
Confusion/agitation
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Fever
Tremors
Diaphoresis
Serotonin Syndrome
Name 3 symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Flashbacks
Easily startled
Eating and sleeping disturbances
Repeated reliving of the traumatic event
Intense fear, horror, or helplessness associated with the event
Emotionally numb
Hypervigilance
Guarded
Name 3 educational topics for a client who is taking an SSRI for depression.
Report adverse effects, including sexual dysfunction
Avoid taking St. John's wort or other antidepressants with it
Take as prescribed
Do not stop abruptly
Change positions slowly
What does dual diagnosis mean?
When an individual with a mental health disorder also suffers from substance abuse.
What is the ultimate goal for a client who has Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
To integrate or combine the personalities into one unique individuals who is able to cope effectively with life's stressors.
Give 2 examples of a dyssomnia.
Hypersomnolence disorder
Narcolepsy
OSA/CSA
Sleep-related hypoventilation
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
RLS
What happens in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?
Begins with withdrawal, lack of energy, and little motivation
Affect becomes blunted
Ideas and beliefs become odd or unusual
Personal hygiene is ignored
Speech becomes difficult to follow
May complain about physical problems
The following symptoms describe which adverse reaction to a mood stabilizer?
Coarse tremors
Tinnitus
Blurred vision
Seizures
Oliguria
Coma
Lithium Toxicity