Common Psychotropics
What is Quetiapine?
what is it used for?
atypical antipsychotic
used for schizophrenia, bipolar and sleep
Antagonism (blocks) of D2 and serotonin receptors
a common assessment for alcohol withdrawal
CIWA assessment
a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking or behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect
schizophrenia
active vs. passive SI
Passive suicidal ideation: Suicidal thoughts occur without any desire to make a plan of action to harm yourself. Active suicidal ideation: Suicidal thoughts motivate you to create an action plan of self-harm. When a plan is in place, you may feel at ease or withdrawn.
4.1
A common antipsychotic used for psychosis and sedation in acute phase of psychosis.
Mechanism of action
Haldol
D2 antagonism
what assessment is used for opiate withdrawal? how is it treated ?
COWs and buprenorphine, opiates
an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events
anxiety disorder
bipolar 1 vs. bipolar 2
Bipolar I disorder involves at least one manic episode, which is a severe mood elevation, while Bipolar II disorder involves at least one hypomanic episode (a less severe form of mania) and at least one major depressive episode, without ever having a full manic episode
this form can hold a patient for one month minus a day
4.2
A medication provided for EPS
Drug class?
How does it work?
Benztropine
Anticholinergic
Restores balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, for acute dystonic reactions
a disorder characterized by irritability, confusion, tremors, nausea and vomiting, hallucinations and seizures
Delirium tremens
a mental health condition that is marked by a mix of schizophrenia symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, and mood disorder symptoms, such as depression, mania and a milder form of mania called hypomania
schizoaffective disorder
Tardive dyskinesia vs. Extra pyramidal side effects
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a specific type of Extrapyramidal Symptom (EPS) that is caused by long-term use of dopamine-blocking medications, most often antipsychotics, and is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, especially of the face, tongue, and extremities. While other EPS like dystonia (sustained contractions), akathisia (restlessness), and parkinsonism (tremors, rigidity) are distinct movement disorders, TD specifically refers to the tardive, or late-onset, form of dyskinesia
this form allows a patient to leave hospital but still under the mental health act
form 6 - extended leave
This type of antidepressant is known as a SSRI is used to treat Depression, OCD, BN, panic dx, social anxiety and PMDD. It is the only antidepressant that stays within the blood stream for up to one month once at therapeutic levels.
What would you monitor for?
Fluoxetine
Dry mouth, N/V, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, headache
Serotonin syndrome
Pregnancy, CBC, Renal, electrolyte, liver, fasting glucose, thyroid, lipids, EKG
a syndrome that encompasses a constellation of iatrogenic movement disorders caused by the antagonism of dopamine receptors. The movement disorders include akathisia, dystonia, buccolingual stereotypy, chorea, tics, and other abnormal involuntary movements.
tardive dyskinesia
It can cause severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working
depression
serotonin syndrome vs. neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin Syndrome (SS) is a hyperkinetic condition from too much serotonin, causing symptoms like clonus, hyperreflexia, and diarrhea, and it resolves quickly after drug removal. In contrast, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a hypokinetic condition from too little dopamine, leading to stiff "lead-pipe" rigidity, bradykinesia, and elevated creatine kinase, resolving slowly over days to weeks.
these forms need to be filled out within 24 hours of an involuntary admission
form 5 (consent for involuntary treatment)
form 13 (patients rights)
form 16 (notification to a near relative)
form 17 (nomination of near relative
A common mood stabilizer for bipolar and mood disorders.
How does it work?
What the side effects and monitoring?
Lithium
Exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells
Abdo pain, vertigo, thirst, fatigue, hand tremors
Serum levels, Lithium toxicity
a rare, sudden reaction causing forced, involuntary, and sustained upward deviation of the eyes, lasting from seconds to hours
*triggered by antipsychotics and antiemetics
Oculogyric crisis
a mental health condition that's caused by an extremely stressful or terrifying event — either being part of it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.
PTSD
psychosis vs. delirium
Psychosis is a broad term for experiencing hallucinations or delusions, while delirium is a medical condition with a sudden onset of acute confusion and altered consciousness, where psychotic symptoms can occur as a symptom of the underlying illness. The key difference is that delirium is a medical state, often temporary and caused by a medical issue, whereas psychosis can be a symptom of an acute psychiatric condition or a secondary symptom of a medical problem like delirium.
this form allows nursing to recall a patient under the mental health act to return to the designated facility
form 21