Pathophysiology & Etiology
How Bipolar disorder is classified in the ICD-10
What is Bipolar Affective Disorder or Manic-depressive illness (MDI)
Evidence suggests that, unlike any other mood stabilizer, this may have a specific antisuicide effect
What is lithium
The two types of episodes or symptoms experienced in this disorder
What are mania and depression
Numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, lasting at least two years
What is Cyclothymic Disorder
A mild form of mania, marked by elation and hyperactivity
What is hypomania
A significant genetic component has/has not been indicated
What is has been indicated
First degree relatives are 7x more likely to develop BPI
Heritability est at 0.73
A typical mood stabilizer that requires close monitoring of valproic acid levels
Depakote
Therapeutic level:
50-100 ng/dl (nanograms per deciliter)
___ swings are the most common symptom and are a combination of manic and depressive symptoms
What is mood
One or more depressive episodes, one or more manic episodes, "sometimes with psychotic features such as hallucinations or delusions"
What is Bipolar l
A heightened level of happiness and a sense of accomplishment experienced during a manic episode
What is euphoria
The term Bipolar Phenome Project is a collaborative research effort to refine the search for responsible contributing genes, and is supported by this National Institute
What is the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
A class of medications that can cause tardive dyskinesia
What is antipsychotics
(TD - Involuntary neurological movement disorder, such as tongue thrusting, facial grimacing)
Rapid speech and racing thoughts are characteristic of this bipolar episode
What is mania
Has markers of the disorder but does not follow any sort of pattern
What is Bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified)
The acronym NIMH stands for this
What is National Institute of Mental Health
The Catecholamine Hypothesis states that an ___ in epinephrine and norepinephrine causes mania, and a ___ in these neurotransmitters causes depression
What is an increase causes mania and a decrease causes depression
A therapeutic lithium level
What is 0.6-1.2 mEq/L
Irritation and agitation are common in this episode
What is both manic and depressive
Bipolar disorder falls into this number of types
What is four types
____ or irresistible, compelling urges, can be extremely dangerous, particularly in a suicidal patient
What is compulsiveness
Evidence suggests that increased levels of this excitatory neurotransmitter contribute to bipolar disorder
What is glutamate
The medication class for Celexa (Citalopram)
What is SSRI
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
(Note: Antidepressants can increase mania in some patients)
Extreme tiredness and fatigue, and overall lack of motivation are characteristic of this episode
What is depressive episode
Predominantly depressive symptoms accompanied by hypomania
What is Bipolar ll
____, or disengagement from family and friends, although done unintentionally, can have devastating effects on this patient population
What is withdrawal