Patho 1
Patho 2
Complications
Assessments
Interventions
100

What is MDD defined as?

Characterized by melancholy, catatonic, or psychotic behaviors and features UNRELATED to substance use.

100

High dose of insulin at bedtime causes decline in blood glucose at night resulting in counterregulatory hormones being released causing rebound hyperglycemia.

  • characterized by loss of consciousness and falling to the ground
  • body stiffens (tonic) with subsequent jerking of extremities (clonic)
  • postictal phase characterized by muscle soreness, fatigue
100

What is malingering?

When a patient wants secondary gains, so they fake symptoms to try and obtain them.  “Illness” disappears right after gains are obtained.

100

What are the 2 criteria by which we assess an improvement in a patient’s suicide risk?

Decrease in suicidal ideations, self harm avoided 

100

What are the interventions for a patient at risk for suicide?

Close 1:1 observation every 5-15 in IRREGULAR intervals, asking direct questions during assessments.

200

pH 7.3, PaCO2 27 mmHg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L; how do you interpret this?

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis 

200

What is bulimia nervosa?

  • Bulimia nervosa is an episodic, uncontrolled, compulsive, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short period (bingeing).
  • The episode is followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of the excess calories (self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas).
200

What is status epilepticus?

state of continuous seizure activity or condition when seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures

  • any seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes
  • neurologic emergency
  • can occur with any type of seizure
200

What is the CAGE questionnaire?

  • Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?
  • Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
  • Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?
  • Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves (Eye-opener)?
200

What is the rule of 15?

A quick intervention for hypoglycemia; consume 15 grams of carbs, wait 15 minutes, recheck blood suga.

300

What is panic disorder?

Characterized by reoccurring panic attacks and feelings of impending doom with no viable cause; can result in chest pain and depersonalization (the feeling from being detached from oneself).

300

What are the three steps of cancer progression?

  1. Initiation, the first stage, is a mutation in the cell’s DNA structure following exposure to a chemical, radiation, or viral agent. The mutation may also be inherited.
  2. Promotion, the second stage in the development of cancer, is characterized by the reversible proliferation of the altered cells.
  3. Progression, the final stage, is characterized by increased growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the cancer to a distant site (metastasis).
300

What diet changes does a patient need to make when starting an MAOI?

Avoid foods high in tyramine; wine, beer, aged cheese, caffeine, diet pills; causes hypertensive crisis.

300

Why is it difficult to diagnose children with depression?

Communication barriers and differing symptoms 

300

pH 7.52, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mmol/L; how do you interpret this?

Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 

400

What is the Somogyi effect? 

High dose of insulin at bedtime causes decline in blood glucose at night resulting in counterregulatory hormones being released causing rebound hyperglycemia.

400

List as many psychoactive substances as you can as a group; *50 points for each one, up to 450 points*

  • Alcohol
  • Caffeine
  • Cannabis
  • Hallucinogens
  • Inhalants
  • Opioids
  • Sedatives/hypnotics
  • Stimulants
  • Tobacco
400

Separate these manifestations into signs of left or right sided (50 points for each one)

See picture on phone 

400

pH 7.3, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 25 mmol/L; how do you interpret this?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 

400

What intervention must be initiated for a patient experiencing command hallucinations and why?

1:1 observation due to risk of harm to self and others.

500

What is somatic symptom disorder?

Involuntary psychological disorder where a patient experiences real physical symptoms with no traceable cause.

500

What is the patho for DKA?

When circulating supply of insulin is insufficient glucose cannot be used for energy…the body compensates for lack of glucose by breaking down stored fat.  Ketones are acidic byproducts of fat metabolism; as Ketones increase, blood becomes more acidic

500

How do you tell the difference between a duodenal ulcer and a stomach ulcer?

Onset of symptoms; 1-2 hours post meal for a gastric ulcer, 2-5 hours post meal for a duodenal ulcer.

500

What three kinds of behaviors should prompt further investigation by a nurse When conducting a mental health assessment on a child?

  • Are not age appropriate
  • Deviate from cultural norms
  • Interfere with adaptive functioning
500

What are the nurse’s responsibilities when a patient is having a seizure? 

  • observe and record seizure (TIME IT)
    • open and maintain patent airway, support head, turn to side, loosen constrictive clothing, ease to floor
    • do not restrain patient or place any objects in their mouth
    • may require positioning, suctioning, or oxygen after seizure
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