SPMI (General)
True or False: The only way to be diagnosed with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness is to have one of four (4) specific diagnoses.
False.
- there are multiple other criteria such as if the individual has had 2 or more inpatient mental health stays or has been treated by a crisis team 2 or more times within the past 24 months
What is the key differentiation between Schizoaffective Disorder and Schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective Disorder also shares co morbidity of a mood disorder
How many adults in the US have had at least one major depressive episode in the last year?
16 million -- about 7% of the population
A distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy
manic episode
Although still not fully understood, scientists agree the main causes of BPD are what?
Genetics: BPD is 5 times more likely among people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder
Environmental Factors: specifically traumatic events in early childhood
Brain Function: Specifically, the portions of the brain that control emotions and decision-making/judgment may not communicate optimally with one another
What are Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder.
These must ALSO evidence significant impairment in functioning and a mental health profession must write an opinion that this person is likely to have future episodes requiring inpatient or residential treatment
Fixed Beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence are what?
Delusions
True or false: likelihood of onset of MDD increases during puberty
true
What differentiates a manic episode from a hypomanic episode?
time frame & intensity of symptoms
manic episodes last a least 1 week and symptoms are present most of the day nearly every day
hypomanic episode: lasts at least 4 consecutive days and symptoms are present most of the day nearly every day
1.6%; however newer research suggests that this could be as high at 5.9%.
Currently 75% of the BPD diagnosed population is female, however newer research suggests that men may be equally effected but are typically misdiagnosed.
1 in 25 (11.2 million)
The two types of schizoaffective disorder are __________ & __________.
Bipolar Type & Depressive Type
Risk factors included in suicide assessments include:
history of suicide attempts, current/past psychiatric disorders, family history of suicide attempts, change in treatment, access to firearms, and these key symptoms: anhedonia, impulsivity, hopelessness, anxiety/panic, insomnia, command hallucinations
Bipolar I means that have met the criteria for at least 1 __________ episode.
Manic
The pillars of DBT are:
- mindfulness
- emotion regulation
- interpersonal effectiveness
- distress tolerance
(HINT: options include White, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and Hispanic)
American Indian/Alaska Native
Examples of negative symptoms are:
Deminished emotional expression: reductions in the expression of emotion in the face, eye contact, intonation of speech, etc. (commonly referred to as flat affect)
avolition: decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities
alogia: deminished speech output
Anhedonia: decreased ability to experience pleasure
asociality: apparent lack of interest in social interactions
protective factors in suicide assessments include:
Internal: ability to cope with stress, religious beliefs, and frustration tolerance
External: responsibility to children or beloved pets, positive therapeutic relationships, social supports
Chronically unstable mood in which people experience hypomania and mild depression for at least two years.
Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia
True or false: these individuals are less sensitive to environmental factors
false
This federal law requires that insurance benefits for mental health and substance use conditions are equal to coverage for other types of health care.
Mental Health Parity Law
What are themes in the content of delusions?
Hint: there are
Persecutory delusions: belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, etc. by another individual or group
Nihilistic delusions: conviction that a major catastrophe will occur
Referential delusions: belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues, etc. are directed at oneself
Grandiose delusions: when an individual believes falsely that he/she/they have exception abilities, wealth, or fame
Erotomanic delusions: false beliefs that another individual is in love with him/her/them
Somatic delusions: preoccupations regarding health and organ function
specifiers for major depressive disorder are:
with anxious distress
with mixed features
with melancholic featurs
with mood congruent psychotic features
with mood-incongruent psychotic features
with cataonia
with peripartum onset
with seasonal pattern
The average onset for bipolar disorder
25 years
(is possible to begin showing symptoms in teen years, or rarely in childhood)
Primary presenting symptoms of BPD include:
Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned by friends and family.
• Unstable personal relationships that alternate between idealization and devaluation. This is also sometimes known as “Splitting.”
• Distorted and unstable self-image, which affects moods, values, opinions, goals, and relationships.
• Impulsive behaviors that can have dangerous outcomes.
• Suicidal and self-harming behavior.
• Periods of intense depressed mood, irritability or anxiety lasting a few hours to a few days.
• Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness.
• Inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable anger—often followed by shame and guilt.
• Dissociative feelings—disconnecting from your thoughts or sense of identity, or “out of body” type of feelings—and stress related paranoid thoughts. Severe cases of stress can also lead to brief psychotic episodes.