Mental Models
Mental models are shaped by this.
Experience
This quadrant represents what is known to both self and others.
Open area
This model shows how we jump to conclusions based on selected data.
Ladder of Inference
Feedback in a group can be either verbal or this.
Non Verbal
A change in one quadrant affects this.
Every other quadrant
According to this famous scientist, "Our theories determine what we measure."
Albert Einstein
This quadrant is unknown to the self but known to others.
Blind area
The first step of the ladder involves observing this.
Data or Reality
The Johari Window was developed by Joseph Luft and this other psychologist.
Harry Ingham
Hiding, denying, or being blind to behavior requires this.
Energy
Mental models shape what we see, how we interpret experiences, and ultimately, how we do this.
act
Giving feedback and self-disclosure helps reduce this quadrant.
Hidden area
People often treat their beliefs as this, even though they are based on assumptions.
Truth
The process of giving feedback is also referred to as this.
self-disclosure
Mutual trust tends to do this to awareness.
Increases it
When mental models go unchallenged, they can cause this in communication or relationships.
Misunderstanding or Conflict
This quadrant includes unconscious behaviors unknown to both self and others.
Unknown area
The three ways to improve communication include reflection, advocacy, and this.
Inquiry
Feedback that reduces the blind area increases this quadrant.
Open area
Forced awareness or exposure is considered this.
undesirable or ineffective?
To improve communication, we must reflect on and be aware of these internal assumptions.
Our own Mental models
According to Joseph Luff, this type of awareness is undesirable and usually ineffective.
forced awareness
The ladder warns us about this loop, where our beliefs affect what data we notice next.
reflective loop
One principle from Luff (1970) states this emotion tends to decrease awareness.
threat
Communication must be this to help reduce blind or hidden areas.
Interpersonal