Motivation Theory
behavior is motivated by the need to reduce internal drives
What is drive reduction theory?
Idea that certain emotional expressions are recognized and experienced similarly across different cultures.
What is universal emotions?
Father of psychoanalysis
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Identifies five broad dimensions of personality: OCEAN
What is the Big 5?
refers to engaging in activities for their own sake, driven by internal rewards such as personal satisfaction, enjoyment, or a sense of achievement.
What is intrinsic motivation?
individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness,
What is arousal theory?
Cultural norms that dictate how, when, and where individuals should express emotions.
What are display rules?
Proposed the theory of social cognition
Who is Albert Bandura?
an individual is accepted and loved as they are, without any conditions or judgments, fostering personal growth and self-acceptance.
What is unconditional positive regard?
When hungry, this hormone increases.
What is ghrelin
Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal (alertness), but only up to a point; when levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases.
What is Yerkes-Dodson Law
Reacting positively to emotions help us think more openly and try new things, making us stronger. Reacting negatively to emotions do the opposite, making us think narrowly and act less.
What is broaden and build theory?
Proposed a hierarchy of needs
Who is Abraham Maslow?
The belief in one's own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which plays a crucial role in how goals, tasks, and challenges are approached.
What is self-efficacy?
Contains thoughts and feelings that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily accessed when needed.
What is the preconscious mind?
Occurs when an individual must choose between two desirable options, leading to a conflict of which positive outcome to pursue.
What is approach-approach conflicts?
Stimuli or events that trigger an emotional response in an individual.
What are elicitors?
Is credited for unconditional positive regard.
Who is Carl Rogers?
Concept in social-cognitive theory proposing that an individual's behavior, personal factors (like thoughts and emotions), and environment influence each other interactively.
What is reciprocal determinism?
Concept that self-directed motivation and personal growth rely on three psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
What is self-determination theory?
An individual's intolerance for repetitive or monotonous experiences, leading them to seek out new and stimulating activities to avoid boredom.
What is boredom susceptibility?
Suggests that facial expressions can influence emotions, meaning that smiling can make you feel happier and frowning can make you feel sadder.
What is facial feedback hypothesis?
an ego defense mechanism where negative urges and impulses are channeled into socially acceptable or constructive activities.
What is sublimation?
a statistical method used to identify clusters of related items (factors) in a set of data.
What is factor analysis?
An ego defense mechanism where individuals suppress unacceptable impulses by unconsciously displaying the opposite behavior or emotion.
What is reaction formation?