projections/positioning.
What is the preferred position for the AP abdomen Projection?
Supine is preferred for most exams, but patient can also be upright.
What structures should be visible in an AP abdomen projection?
the size and shape of liver, spleen and kidneys.
What is the patients positioning for a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projection?
1.Patient lies recumbent on radiolucent pad
2. lie on side for 5 mins to allow air to rise
3.place patients' hands above their head.
4. have patient bend their knees for comfort.
What are the evaluation criteria for a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projections?
1. proper collimation/decubitus side marker
2. diaphragm without motion
3. both sides of abdomen included.
4. no rotation (symmetry of ischial spines and alae of ilia)
5. side down for fluid, side up for free air.
what are the respiration instructions for a lateral projection of the abdomen?
suspend breathing at the end of expiration to avoid motion.
What size should the image receptor (IR) be for an AP projection of the abdomen?
14 x 17 inches lengthwise
What is the central ray location for an Upright AP Abdominal Projection
1. horizontal
2. central ray enters 2 inches above the iliac crest to include the diaphragm.
In a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projection, which side should included for fluid or air detection?
Fluid should be included on the side DOWN
Air included on the side UP
What anatomical structures should be visible on a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projection?
1.abdominal wall
2. flank structures
3. diaphragm.
4. vertebral column
5. contents without contrast media.
What structures are shown in a lateral projection of the abdomen?
1. prevertebral space occupied by abdominal aorta
2. other calcifications.
3. vascular interventional devices such as AAA grafts.
Where should the central ray be positioned for a supine AP abdomen projection?
What is the Central Ray location for a Supin AP Abdominal Projection?
1. perpendicular to the IR
2. Central ray enters at the level of the iliac crest.
What is the respiration instruction for a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projection?
Suspend breathing at end of expiration to prevent motion.
Central Ray location for R/L Lateral projection.
1. perpendicular to the IR
2. Enters midcoronal plane at iliac crest, or 2 inches above iliac crest to include the diaphragm.
What are the evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the abdomen?
1 proper collimation and side marker
2. no rotation
3.superimposed ilia, lumbar vertebrae, open intervertebral foramina.
4. diaphragm included if possible
5. abdominal contents visible without contrast media.
What is the correct collimation for the AP Abdomen Projection?
14 x 17 inches, ensuring bladder is included when necessary.
What is the key difference between PA and AP projections of the abdomen?
PA projection greatly reduces the patients gonadal dose compared to an AP projection.
Where should the central ray be directed for the left lateral decubitus AP abdomen Projection?
directed horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR at the level of the iliac crest.
How is the patient positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen?
placed in a lateral recumbent position on right or left side.
Knees flexed for comfort.
Suspend breathing at end of expiration.
(breath in, breath out, HOLD)
What is the preferred image receptor size for both PA and AP projections of the abdomen?
14 x 17 inches. lengthwise
What structures are shown in a left lateral decubitus AP abdomen projection?
size and shape of liver, spleen, kidneys.
free air, and air-fluid levels.
Perpendicular to the IR
Entering midcoronal plane, at level of the iliac crest.
(2 inches above iliac crest if diaphragm is to be included)