Anatomy
What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?
What is the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the laryngeal pharynx?
Why is the RAO/LPO position preferred for a oblique projection of the esophagus?
What is the placement of the heart between the thoracic vertebrae and the heart?
When is barium contraindicated for use during an examination with contrast?
What is a suspected perforation?
Where does the CR enter on a lateral projection of the large intestine?
What is the ASIS?
How should the IR be adjusted when performing a stomach or intestine examination upright?
What requires the IR centered 3-6 inches lower?
What two divisions is the mouth composed of?
What is the oral vestibule and oral cavity?
What is the difference in rotation between the AP and PA oblique for an examination of the stomach?
What is 40-70 degrees for the PA oblique and 30-60 degrees for the AP oblique projection?
Why is the recumbent position preferred during an esophagus examination?
What is a more complete filling of the esophagus?
What should the total distance of an enema tip insertion never exceed?
Bonus question* What distance should the height of the IV pole be for a barium enema?
What is 4 inches?
What is 18-24"
What is suspected esophageal varices? The Valsalva maneuver would increase venous pressure.
Where does the esophagus originate and where does it terminate?
What is the origin of T6 and termination at the cardiac antrum?
What is the difference in the barium suspension when being used for a single-contrast exam in comparison to a double-contrast exam?
What is a low-density barium suspension (15-20% weight/volume) for single-contrast versus a high-density barium (80-100% weight/volume) for a double-contrast study?
What may sialography be used to demonstrate? (6)
What is inflammatory lesions, tumors, fistulae, diverticula, strictures, and calculi?
What is the patient preparation for a small intestine examination? (4)
What is soft or low residue diet for 2 days before study, NPO after evening meal the night before, no breakfast the morning of, and cleansing enema may be administered?
What are the three ways to administer barium or another opaque contrast into the small intestine?
What is orally, reflux filling via a barium enema, or via enteroclysis?
What are the three salivary glands from largest to smallest and where are they located?
What is the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands? The parotid lies anterior to external ear and inferior to mandibular rami. The submandibular extends posteriorly from below first lower molar to angle of mandible. Sublingual is located in floor of mouth beneath sublingual fold.
What will a right lateral decubitus of the large intestine demonstrate?
What is the medial portion of the ascending colon and the lateral portion of the descending colon?
What is the trendelenburg position during an AP projection of the stomach?
What does a recumbent right lateral projection of the stomach demonstrate?
What is the right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, and duodenojejunal junction?
What are three ways a radiographer can instruct the patient on ways to minimize discomfort during filling of a barium enema?
What is relaxing the abdomen, deep oral breathing, and communication of cramping so that filling can be slowed or stopped?
What are the two blood supplies of the liver?
What is the hepatic artery that supplies oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta and the portal vein which carries blood from digestive system to be filtered by the liver?
Why is postoperative cholangiography performed? (3)
What is caliber and patency of ducts, status of sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla, and the presence of residual or previously undetected stones?
What can peristalsis be affected by? (5)
What is body habitus, pathology, narcotic pain medicine, body position, and respiration?
What is the image criteria for an AP projection of the stomach and duodenum? (8)
Require at least 5, not including general criteria for full credit
1. Proper collimation
2. entire stomach and duodenal loop
3. fundic portion of stomach
4. no superimposition of pylorus and duodenal bulb
5. body of stomach centered
6. surrounding anatomy
7. penetration of contrast medium
8. body and pylorus with double-contrast visualization
What two methods can be used for a double-contrast BE and what are the differences between them?
What is the closed method and Welin method? The closed method does not require removal or reinsertion of the enema tip, while the Welin method was used for early detection of small lesions.