Fish-n-Chips
This act of legislation allowed Great Britain to import grains from France free of tariffs
What was the elimination of Corn Laws, 1846
Legislation from on high, which repressed press freedoms and student revolts in Germany (1819)
What were the Carlsbad Decrees?
This Bourbon royal took the throne in 1814, but pleased neither royalists nor republicans
Who was Louis XVIII?
No Christmas cheer from these revolutionaries who challenged the Tsar (1825)
Who were the Decembrists?
This French legislative body was dissolved in 1851, paving the way for absolute and imperial power
What is the National Assembly?
Another act of legislation that increased suffrage (1 in 5 could vote) and reformed "rotten boroughs"
What was the Great Reform Bill of 1832?
Inspired by Poland, this body formed in Frankfurt (1832) to legislate new freedoms and liberties for the public
What was the Federal Diet of the German Confederation?
This group worked for policies that heavily favored nobility (restoration of conservative order), at the expense of republicans
Who were the Ultras?
This Russian tsar granted liberal reforms to Poland (1818), which formed an upper and lower (Sejm) house
Who was Alexander I?
Austrian officer who squashed Pan-Slav unrest, which was led by Lajos Kossuth
Who is Alfred Windischgratz?
This writer advocated for "the individual" over increased government powers, the inclusion of women at the ballot box, and unions to bring economic justice
Who is John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)?
This label applies to the period of German uprising during the 1830s, where "Young Germans" looked for liberal reforms through government rather than through rebellion
What was Vormarz? ("before March")
This king caved to conservative interests by revoking legislative assemblies with the July Ordinances
Who was Charles X (1824-1830)?
This "classical" leader rallied his nation, with international assistance, against the "sick man of Europe"
Who was Alexander Ypsilantis?
After the abdication of Ferdinand I (1835-1848; Emperor of Austria, President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, King of Lombardy–Venetia), this Habsburg ruler ascends the throne until 1916
Who was Franz Josef (1848-1916)?
This group argued and campaigned for greater suffrage among all constituencies
Who were the Chartists?
Several Catholic cantons "fight" against other "secular" cantons, resulting in a new liberal constitution in Switzerland, with this new feature in 1848
What is universal male suffrage?
This "liberal" king replaced the white flag of the Bourbons with the tricolor flag of the people, increased suffrage, and economic growth, but not enough to please republicans
Who was Louis-Philippe (1830-1848)?
This "sweet" nation formed with assistance from Great Britain and France against the Netherlands, crowning Leopold king in 1831
What is Belgium?
In the German states, this Prussia king refused compromise with the Frankfurt Assembly, was offered an "imperial" German crown, but refused ("crown from the gutter")
Who was Frederick William IV (1840-1861)?
"Brave" British Prime Minister who argued for free trade principles, against the wishes of English landowners, angering conservatives over "appealing" liberals
Who was Prime Minister Robert Peel (1788-1850)?
This philosopher and historian "anticipates" a new German state that will subsume individual rights, resulting in a consolidation of centralized power
Who is Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel?
A "cult of Napoleon" (1840s) energized opposition to Louis-Philippe and paved the way for this "newcomer," a nephew to Napoleon
Who was Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1848, 1852-73, later Napoleon III)?
This Spanish king restored the monarchy and control over the assembly (Cortes) after the death of Napoleon
Who is Ferdinand VII (1808-1833; restored in 1814)?
KIng Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia and "dreamer" Giuseppe Mazzini resisted, unsuccessfully, against this powerful Austrian officer
Who was Joseph Radetzky (1766-1858)? Johann Strauss I's Radetzky March