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This river, flowing southeast through Mesopotamia, joins with the Euphrates before emptying into the Persian Gulf.
What is the Tigris River?
This was the world’s first known civilization, located in southern Mesopotamia.
What is Sumer?
This powerful leader conquered Sumer and created the world’s first empire around 2334 BCE.
Who is Sargon?
This fearsome fighting force was known for its discipline, advanced siege tactics, and brutal reputation.
What was the Assyrian Army?
This new metal, made by combining copper and tin, gave armies stronger weapons and farmers sturdier tools.
What is Bronze?
This body of water, connected to the Arabian Sea, is where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet and empty.
What is the Persian Gulf?
This great city of Sumer, ruled by Gilgamesh in legend, may have been the world’s first true city.
What is Uruk?
This empire, founded by Sargon, united the Sumerian city-states under one rule.
What is the Akkadian Empire?
Stronger than bronze, these tools and weapons gave the Assyrians a huge advantage in battle.
What is iron weapons?
This Mesopotamian invention revolutionized transport leading to the invention of new wagons and the chariot and is still essential for vehicles today.
What is the wheel?
This rugged mountain range to the east of Mesopotamia provided a natural barrier between ancient empires and Persia.
What are the Zagros Mountains?
This political unit consisted of a city and the surrounding farmland, each with its own ruler and gods.
What is a city-state?
This city became the capital of Hammurabi’s empire and a major Mesopotamian power.
What is Babylon?
Conquered peoples were forced to pay these regular payments of money, goods, or slaves to the Assyrians.
What is a tribute?
The belief in many gods, common in Mesopotamia, is known by this term.
What is polytheism?
This rugged mountain range to the east of Mesopotamia provided a natural barrier between ancient empires and Persia.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
This political unit consisted of a city and the surrounding farmland, each with its own ruler and gods.
What is a ziggurat?
This Babylonian king is remembered for expanding his empire and creating one of the earliest law codes.
Who is Hammurabi?
To control their vast empire, the Assyrians divided their land into these regions, each ruled by a governor.
What are provinces?
Sargon and Hammurabi each built these, large territories ruled by one leader over many peoples.
What is an empire?
This river, paired with the Tigris, was essential to Mesopotamian agriculture and civilization.
This wedge-shaped writing system of Sumer was pressed into clay tablets with a reed stylus.
What is cuneiform?
This set of nearly 300 laws, “carved in stone,” emphasized justice through strict punishments.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
This city, home to a great library, served as the capital of the Assyrian Empire.
What is Ninevah?
This Mesopotamian invention helped traders and travelers move more easily along rivers.
What is the sail?