Study Guide
The goddess of medicines.
Gula
top level of society or the highest class
kings and their families
the code of Hammurabi was a set of these
Laws
A temple tower having the form of a step pyramid
Ziggurat
a well-organized society with writing, art, science, and political and religious systems
Civilization
The building material that was most used ancient Mesopotamian settlements
mud bricks
Lowest level of society or lowest class
slaves, military captives, debtors
The code of Hammurabi was created for this reason
to protect the weak from being harmed by the powerful.
A stream that flows into a larger stream or into a body of water
Tributary
A large territory or group of nations with one ruler
empire
What was the first use of cuneiform
to keep records of business agreements
4th level of society
the principles of justice are reflected this way in the code of Hammurabi
if a person harms another, then the same degree of punishment will be visited on the person who committed the crime
Large level area of land made up of sediment left by flooding streams or rivers
Alluvial Plain
The worship of or belief in more than one god
polytheism
Creator or cuneiform
who are the Sumerians
2nd level of society
large landowners, priests, government and military officials
this let archaeologist guess that ancient Mesopotamians believed in an afterlife
Wealthy Mesopotamians were buried with many of their earthly possessions, such as jewelry, pottery, and weapons, which archaeologists believe they intended to use in the afterlife. Sometimes the servants of wealthy individuals were buried with them with the purpose of serving their master in the afterlife.
A society in which men dominate and govern
Patriarchy
The sand, soil, and mud carried by rivers
silt
Foods cultivated by ancient mesopotamians
Cucumbers, lentils, onions, chickpeas, garlic
3rd level of society
merchants, scribes, and craftspeople
this is how small farming communities grew to become the complex urban societies of Mesopotamia.
surplus agricultural production allowed small farming villages to grow into large urban city-states. strong leaders united the city-states.
A government ruled or headed by a king or queen
Monarchy
A person whose job is to copy documents and important texts and to write down laws
scribe