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100
USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis in women at this age.
What is 65 years and older.
(Grade B)
100
The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months to 5 years for children in this instance.
What is whose primary water supply is deficient in fluoride. (defined as containing <0.6 ppm)
(Grade B)
100
True or False: USPSTF recommends use of vitamin D supplementation to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older.
What is False. (Grade D)
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USPSTF recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls. (Grade B)
Recommend multifactorial interventions to prevent falls to community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls. (Grade C)
100
The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends blood alcohol consumption (BAC) laws at this percentage.
What is 0.08%.
Laws prohibiting driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 percent or higher can decrease fatal crashes by a median of 7 percent. Now enacted nationwide, BAC laws may save 400-600 lives a year.
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/sites/default/files/assets/What-Works-Factsheet-MotorVehicle.pdf
100
True or False. It is only recently that milk has been tested for antibiotics and growth hormones.
What is False.
Milk has always been tested for antibiotics and growth hormones.
(OPH - Sanitarian Services Training)
200
These are the risk factors associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years old.
These include parental history of hip fracture, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and low body weight.
(Grade B)
In addition, menopausal status in women is also an important consideration because studies demonstrating treatment benefit mainly enrolled postmenopausal women.
200
True or False. The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians apply fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption.
What is True. (Grade B)
The rationale for this decision was that, at the present time, nondental primary care clinicians are more likely than dentists to have contact with children ages 5 years and younger in the United States
200
The USPSTF recommends against the use of this for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women.
What is combined estrogen and progestin.
Combined estrogen and progestin use is associated with a decreased risk of fractures, diabetes, and colorectal cancer; however, it is also associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer, coronary heart disease, thromboembolic events, stroke, dementia, gallbladder disease, and self-reported urinary incontinence.
200
The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends the use of this device for people convicted of alcohol-impaired driving on the basis of strong evidence of their effectiveness in reducing re-arrest rates.
What are ignition interlocks.
Interlocks are most often used to prevent impaired driving by people who have already been convicted of DWI. They may be mandated through the court system or offered as an alternative to a suspended driver's license.
200
True or False. Ultra-pasteurized milk is better than pasteurized milk.
What is False.
Difference is use life of milk - one month versus two weeks.
(OPH - Sanitarian Services Training)
300
This is the most commonly used osteoporosis risk tool.
What is FRAX. (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool; assesses a person's 10 year risk of fracture)
Several tools are available to assess osteoporosis risk: the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE; Merck), Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument (ORAI), Osteoporosis Index of Risk (OSIRIS), and the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST).
300
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these multiple drug therapies to reduce osteoporotic fractures.
What are bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone, raloxifene, and estrogen.
300
The USPSTF recommends against the use this alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy.
What is estrogen.
Estrogen use alone is associated with a decreased risk of fractures, invasive breast cancer, and diabetes; however, it is also associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, stroke, dementia, gallbladder disease, and self-reported urinary incontinence.
300
True or False. The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends partial motorcycle helmet laws that apply to motorcycle operators and passengers.
What is False.
The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends universal motorcycle helmet laws.
Evidence shows universal helmet laws increase helmet use; decrease motorcycle-related deaths and injuries; and are substantially more effective than no law or partial motorcycle helmet laws. Partial helmet laws apply only to riders who are young, novices, or have medical insurance coverage below certain thresholds.
Evidence shows the economic benefits of universal motorcycle helmet laws greatly exceed costs. Most benefits come from avoided healthcare and productivity losses.
300
USPSTF recommends screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese with these risk factors.
What are persons who have a family history of diabetes, have a history of gestational diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome, or are members of certain racial/ethnic groups (that is, African Americans, American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, Hispanics or Latinos, or Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders) may be at increased risk for diabetes at a younger age or at a lower body mass index.
The USPSTF recommends clinicians should offer or refer patients with abnormal blood glucose to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity.
(Grade B)
400
This is the most commonly used bone measurement test used to screen for osteoporosis.
What is central DXA. (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
Central DXA measures BMD at the hip and lumbar spine.
Other screening tests include peripheral DXA and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Peripheral DXA measures BMD at the lower forearm and heel. Quantitative ultrasound also evaluates peripheral sites and has similar accuracy in predicting fracture risk as DXA, while avoiding the risk of radiation exposure; however, it does not measure BMD. Peripheral DXA and QUS are measured with portable devices and may be less costly and more accessible than central DXA.
400
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, engaging in this amount of time each week in moderate-intensity aerobic activity can reduce the risk of hip fractures.
What is 120 to 300 minutes.
Also performing balance and muscle-strengthening activities each week along with moderate-intensity aerobic activity can help prevent falls in older adults.
400
Clinicians should educate patients on how to minimize adverse effects of esophageal irritation of bisphosphonates with these measures.
What is by taking the medication with a full glass of water and not lying down for at least 30 minutes afterward.
400
True or False. U.S. safety belt laws mandate use of safety belts in motor vehicles, which apply to drivers, front, and back seat passengers.
What is False.
Safety belt laws mandate the use of safety belts in motor vehicles. Currently, all U.S. laws apply to drivers and front seat passengers. Other requirements, such as rear seat coverage, fines, affected age groups, type of enforcement, and exempted vehicles and drivers vary by state.
The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends safety belt laws to increase safety belt use and reduce deaths and injuries among adolescents and adults.
400
True or False. There is evidence of a small but positive benefit of behavioral counseling for the prevention of CVD in adults without obesity who do not have known cardiovascular disease risk factors.
What is True.
The USPSTF recommends that primary care professionals individualize the decision to offer or refer adults without obesity who do not have hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal blood glucose levels, or diabetes to behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity.
(Grade C)
500
The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as bone density at the hip or spine that is at this level.
What is at least 2.5 SDs (ie, T score ≤−2.5) below the mean bone density of a reference population of young healthy women, presumably at peak bone mass.
500
True or False. Sustained-release bupropion alone or combined with nicotine replacement therapy is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for tobacco cessation in children and adolescents.
What is False.
School- and community-based behavioral counseling programs can promote smoking cessation in adolescent smokers
The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents.
(Grade B)
500
Adults with BMI or higher should not use this alone for weight loss.
What is weight loss pharmacotherapy.
USPSTF encourages clinicians to promote behavioral interventions as the primary focus of effective interventions for weight loss in adults.
(Grade B)
Many of the effective intensive behavioral interventions considered by the USPSTF were designed to help participants achieve or maintain a 5% or greater weight loss through a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity.
500
Child safety seat law requirements are based on these three things.
What is age, weight, height, or combination of these factors.
Child safety seat laws require children use federally approved infant or child safety seats when riding in a motor vehicle. Requirements vary by state based on a child’s age, weight, and height. Enforcement guidelines and penalties also vary, though law enforcement in all states can stop drivers if child passengers are not properly restrained.
500
These risk factors are associated with obesity in younger children.
What are maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, gestational weight gain, and rapid infant growth.
A decrease in physical activity in young children is a risk factor for obesity later in adolescence.
The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for obesity in children and adolescents 6 years and older and offer or refer them to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status. (Grade B)