Definition & Diagnosis
Metabolic syndrome is not a disease but a group of what?
What are risk factors
This hormone becomes less effective in metabolic syndrome.
What is insulin (insulin resistance)
Metabolic increases a patient’s risk of type 2 diabetes by up to how many times?
What is 5
This key defect in glucose metabolism makes tissues less sensitive to insulin, resulting in higher blood sugar and hyperinsulinemia.
What is insulin resistance.
This percentage of body weight loss can reduce risk in metabolic syndrome.
What is 5-10% body weight loss
A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is made when a person has this many or more of the 5 criteria.
What is 3
This lifestyle factor involves little to no physical activity.
What is a sedentary lifestyle
Patients with metabolic syndrome have more than a two-fold higher incidence of these cardiovascular events, regardless of age, gender, or diabetes status? (multiple answers, name one of them)
What are myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and heart failure
Free fatty acids released from this type of body fat promote insulin resistance, impair insulin secretion, and drive inflammation.
What is visceral adipose tissue (visceral obesity)
This diet, designed to reduce high blood pressure, puts an emphasis on foods rich in potassium, magnesium and calcium to support heart health.
What is the DASH diet
Metabolic syndrome is common but often goes ______, making early screening important.
What is undiagnosed
Resistance to this hormone is central to metabolic syndrome.
What is insulin
Most patients with metabolic syndrome eventually develop this disease, which further elevates cardiovascular risk and causes microvascular complications.
What is diabetes mellitus
These signaling molecules, including TNF-α, CRP, leptin, and resistin, are secreted by adipose tissue and worsen insulin resistance by interfering with insulin receptors.
What are pro-inflammatory cytokines
Patients should be taught that metabolic syndrome is both ______ and _____?
What are preventable and reversible
In metabolic syndrome, this term describes the accumulation of fat around the abdomen, which is a key risk factor.
What is visceral obesity
Name two modifiable risk factors.
What are diet, exercise, stress, sleep, smoking
Obesity-related complications of metabolic syndrome may include obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension, and this degenerative joint condition.
What is osteoarthritis
Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome contributes to this vascular process, which hardens and narrows arteries, increasing the risk of stroke and heart disease.
What is atherosclerosis
These types of lifestyle changes are important patient education foci for long term maintenance.
What are small and sustainable changes
What are the five diagnostic criteria used to confirm metabolic syndrome?
What are waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL, and fasting glucose
Genetics and this other factor are considered non-modifiable risks.
What is age
Having metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of these two major conditions that affect the heart and brain.
What are heart disease and stroke
Dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome is marked by high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol. High triglycerides contribute to this vascular change, while low HDL increases the risk of cardiovascular events.
What is arteriosclerosis (hardening/thickening of artery walls)
These three lifestyle factors, often overlooked, should be improved to reduce metabolic complications.
What are sleep, hygiene, and stress management