Concepts by Definition
Metabolic Disorders
Body Mass Index
Labs/ MISC
Eating Issues
100
______________ is the organized process through which nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are converted into cellular energy.
Metabolism
100
What is malnutrition ?
lack of proper nutrition caused by not having enought to eat, not eating enought of the right things.
For example, causes of malnutrition can be lack of knowledge, acute and chronic illness, self imposed dietary restricition and crohn disease patients are unable to absorb nutritients from foods.
100
What is a underweight BMI?
Below 17.5
100
What does a finger stick test for?
Hemoglobin levels – Fingerstick testing of hemoglobin is a quick screening procedure to ensure a blood or plasma donor has an acceptably high blood count for donating blood or blood components.
100
Which of the following nutrients delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and lowers LDL cholesterol by interfering with the absorption of dietary cholesterol?
Correct answer: Soluble fiber
Explanation: Soluble fiber, present in oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds, and legumes, delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and lowers LDL cholesterol by interfering with the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Insoluble fiber passes through the gastrointestinal tract relatively intact, provides bulk for stool, and reduces bowel transit time. Carbohydrates and unsaturated will not lower LDL cholesterol or delay gastric emptying, though they will increase satiety.
200
_______________ thickens the lining of the Intestinal tract and helps moderate blood glucose levels
Viscosity
200
______________ where the gland produces too much of the thyroid hormone, can cause weight loss or an inability to gain weight.
Hyperthyroidism, where the gland produces too much of the thyroid hormone, can cause weight loss or an inability to gain weight.
200
What is a normal BMI?
18.5—24.9 Healthy
200
The _________ _________ test is used to measure cholesterol types and levels. The levels of “good” versus “bad” cholesterols are important in determining risk of heart disease. Lipid profile levels should change with weight loss.
LIPID PROFILE
200
What organ produces the bile necessary for digestion of lipids?
Correct answer: The liver
Explanation: Bile is produced exclusively in the liver. It may then be stored in the gall bladder so that it can be released during digestion of a fatty meal. No bile is produced in the stomach, nor the duodenum. The vast majority of bile is cholesterol-derivatives that stick to dietary fiber and are excreted along with the fiber. Thus increasing fiber is (mainly soluble) is an effective way to decrease cholesterol.
300
_________________ promotoes water reabsorption in the kidneys
Anitdiuretic Hormone (ADH)
300
_____________ where the thyroid gland is less active, can cause weight gain or an inability to lose weight.
Hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is less active, can cause weight gain or an inability to lose weight.
300
A BMI over what value could indicate severe obesity?
40
Explanation:
BMI values between 30 and 39.9 indicate obesity, while a BMI over 40 could indicate that the individual is severely obese.
300
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test measures the average blood glucose controlof an individual over the previous three months. Which of the following values isconsidered a diagnosis of pre-diabetes?
●A. 6.5-7%
●B. 5.7-6.4%
●C. 5-5.6%
●D. >5.6%
Correct answer: B. 5.7-6.4%
●Option B: Glycosylated hemoglobin levels between 5.7%-6.4% is considered as pre-diabetes
300
This patients eating disorder starts in adolescence with amenorrhea, accompanied by compulsiveness of exercise & "fear of gaining weight". Who is this Disorder?
Anorexia Nervosa
400
____________________ is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium betwwen interdependent elements esp. as maintained by phyisological processes.
Homeostasis
400
What is Kwashiorkor disease?
(quas- shee- or- kor)
Associated with extensive loss of visceral protein and results in hypoalbuminemia and leads to dependent edema of arms, body. Also disoclored hair, anorexia, extreme apathy, generalized growth failure and muscle wasting.
Results from difiecent in protein. Condition develops soon after child is displaced from the breast after the arrival of new infant.
400
How do you calculate a BMI?
Formula: weight (lb) / [height (in)]2 x 703
Then, calculate BMI by dividing weight in pounds (lb) by height in inches (in) squared and multiplying by a conversion factor of 703.
400
The nurse reviews lab results for a patient with hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following changes in lab findings would the nurse expect?
a. Low serum calcium level
b. Normal vitamin D level
c. Low parathyroid hormone level
d. Low vitamin D level
e. High serum calcium level
Correct answer:
e. High serum calcium level
Explanation:
The nurse should know the parathyroid glands regulate serum calcium levels; in hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium levels are elevated. Parathyroid hormones are not low in hyperparathyroidism due to the overactivity of the parathyroid glands. Urine calcium may be elevated due to spilling of the high serum calcium level into the urine. Vitamin D levels should be low, as the body will increase vitamin D in the blood to lower the calcium level.
400
What eating habits are noted in BINGE eating disorder?
At least 2 days per week for 6 months eating rapidly until uncomfortable eating large amount and not even hungry. Also easily embarassed so will eat alone.
Interventions
Regular meal planning and better habits
Record intake and binge episodes
Exercise regularly.
Avoid alcohol and drugs
500
The Endocrine System participates in metqabilic regulatory processes to include :
1. Blood glucose hoeostasis
2._______________________
3._______________________
4._______________________
5. Normal BMI and Normal Metabolic rate
2. Fluid and electrolytes balance
3. Normal physiological response to stress
4. Maintain body energy requirements
500
Who am I? I have a protein-energry deficit (malnutritition) and I cause progressive loss of muscle mass and fat stores due to inadequate food intake that is equally deificent in calories and protein. (loss occurs by emesis, diarrhea or burns)
Marasmus
(ma-ras-mus)
500
Which statement best describes the etiology of obesity?
a. Obesity primarily results from a genetic predisposition.
b. Psychosocial factors can override the effects of genetics in the etiology of obesity.
c. Obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.
d. Genetic factors are more important than environmental factors in the etiology of obesity.
Correct answer: c
Rationale: The cause of obesity involves significant genetic and biologic susceptibility factors that are highly influenced by environmental and psychosocial factors.
500
These three blood tests are for thyroid function assessment. The thyroid is a gland that that regulates the metabolic system. When people are having weight problems, one of the medical steps is to order one or all 3 of these test. What test(s) AM I?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4) Free Serum, Tri-Iodothyronine (T3) Free Serum
500
Obesity can cause ______________ ___________ and ____________ ________ disease.
Obesity causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fatty liver disease.
- In Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis there is accumulation of fat in the liver, but there also is inflammation (hepatitis), destruction (necrosis) of liver cells, and scarring (fibrosis) of the liver. The scarring can progress to cirrhosis, which is the last stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.