Metabolism Basics
This term describes all of the chemical processes the body uses to maintain life and produce energy.
What is metabolism?
This hormone lowers blood glucose by helping glucose enter cells (secreted by beta cells of the pancreas).
Name at least 2 of the metabolic disorders linked with increased stroke risk from the article.
What is diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity?
This nursing diagnosis may apply to a patient who suddenly becomes disoriented because of metabolic or neurologic changes (think from the presentation).
What is acute confusion?
This bedside test should be checked frequently in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes and altered mental status.
This process breaks larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy.
What is catabolism?
This metabolic pH imbalance is common in patient's with poorly managed type-2 diabetes.
What is metabolic acidosis?
According to the article, these two metabolic conditions were most consistently associated with stroke risk.
What are hypertension and diabetes?
Very high or very low blood glucose can alter this major neurologic function.
What is level of consciousness or mental status?
Before giving food or fluids to a patient with stroke symptoms, the nurse should assess this ability/perform this test.
What is swallowing/swallow study?
This process uses energy to build larger molecules such as proteins and glycogen.
What is anabolism?
Excess glucose in the urine pulls water with it, causing this common symptom with uncontrolled diabetes.
What is polyuria?
Chronic hypertension damages blood vessels partly by increasing this force against the vessel walls.
What is blood pressure/vascular pressure?
Chronic hyperglycemia may contribute to brain damage through inflammation and this damaging cellular process involving reactive oxygen species (like free radicals).
What is oxidative stress?
A confused patient with weakness and neurological deficits is at increased risk for this common safety issue.
What is a fall?
This molecule is the body's immediate source of cellular energy (think end product of metabolism).
What is ATP?
Severe, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to this complication involving numbness and tingling in the hands and feet.
What is peripheral neuropathy?
Diabetes can increase stroke risk through damage to both of these two types of blood vessels.
What are microvascular and macrovascular vessels?
According to the article, diabetes and hypertension were associated with poorer performance in this domain.
What is cognitive function?
A patient lives alone and has expressed concerns about going home, this interdisciplinary team member can help arrange home services and community resources.
Who is a social worker or case manager?
When glucose cannot be used effectively, the body increases fat breakdown and may produce these acidic by-products.
What are ketones?
In an older patient with severe hyperglycemia and altered mental status, this hyperglycemic emergency should be considered, especially when ketosis is minimal or absent (common in type-1 diabetics).
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or HHS?
In the study's prediction models, this metabolic factor was the weakest standalone predictor of stroke compared with diabetes and hypertension.
What is obesity?
The article suggested that part of the relationship between metabolic disease and cognitive decline occurs through this neurologic event.
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes, readmission, difficulty managing care independently, and limited support may fit this nursing diagnosis (think from the presentation).
What is ineffective health management?