Metabolism Basics
The chemical processes within cells that break down nutrients, produce energy, maintain function, and repair tissues
What is metabolism
What are the three macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Energy production that uses oxygen
What is aerobic metabolism
Name one type of enteral feeding tube
NG tube, G-tube, or J-tube
Disorder characterized by restriction of food intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image
What is anorexia nervosa
The breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to release energy
What is catabolism
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements needed for normal body functions
Energy production that occurs without oxygen
What is anaerobic metabolism
Providing nutrients through the GI tract using a feeding tube
What is enteral nutrition
Metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels due to problems with insulin production or insulin use
What is Diabetes
The process of using energy to build proteins, muscles, bones, and other tissues
What is anabolism
Nutrient that is especially important for building and repairing body tissues
What is protein
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose
What is glycogenolysis
Providing nutrients intravenously, bypassing the GI tract
What is parenteral nutrition
Disorder involving recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise
What is bulimia nervosa
The amount of energy the body uses at rest to maintain essential functions
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)
A deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy and nutrients that can affect normal body function, growth, and healing
What is malnutrition
The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources when glucose is needed
What is gluconeogenesis
What are 3 signs of enteral feeding intolerance
Examples:nausea/vomiting, abdominal distention, and diarrhea.
A complex syndrome associated with chronic illness, characterized by significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and weakness
What is cachexia
Name 3 common signs of altered metabolism
Fatigue, weakness, weight change, muscle wasting, or appetite changes
Name three laboratory values that could be important when assessing this patient's metabolism and recovery
glucose, albumin, hemoglobin/hematocrit, electrolytes, thyroid, liver function tests, etc
Name 3 factors that can increase a person's metabolic needs (hint: 3 I's)
Illness, injury, and infection
Name 3 complications that can occur with enteral nutrition
Examples: aspiration, diarrhea, and tube blockage
Serious complication that can occur when a person with diabetes has severe insulin deficiency, causing the body to break down fat and produce ketones
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)