Metabolism Basics
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes in the body that convert food into this.
What is energy (ATP)
One common symptom of metabolic slowing during restriction is feeling unusually ______, even in normal temperatures.
What is cold?
Long periods of restriction can weaken this tissue, increasing the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis. During recovery, the body uses energy to rebuild it.
What is bone?
This hormone allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream.
What is insulin?
The amount of energy your body needs to keep you alive at rest (breathing, heart beating, organ function).
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
When the body doesn’t receive enough carbohydrate, the liver begins producing glucose from other sources through this metabolic process.
What is gluconeogenesis?
When the body is repairing and restoring during recovery, it often sends stronger signals asking for more food. What is this signal?
What is hunger?
This hormone increases hunger and is often elevated during restriction.
What is ghrelin?
This organ uses about 20% of the body’s energy, even though it only weighs about 2% of body weight.
What is the brain?
This body system often slows during starvation, which is why people may experience constipation and bloating during restriction.
What is the digestive system
During recovery, metabolism often temporarily increases above normal levels. This is called this.
What is hypermetabolism?
This hormone helps signal fullness and energy balance, and it often decreases in starvation.
What is leptin?
Of the three macronutrients, this one has the highest thermic effect of food, meaning the body uses the most energy processing it.
What is protein?
During starvation, the body shifts from using mostly glucose for fuel to relying more heavily on these fat-derived molecules for energy.
What are ketones (ketone bodies)?
Why can people feel warmer, sweat more, or have a faster heart rate during nutritional rehabilitation?
What is increased metabolic activity during repair and restoration?
Chronic restriction can increase this stress hormone, which can increase anxiety and affect metabolism.
What is cortisol?
Name the four main components of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE).
What are Basal metabolic rate (BMR), Thermic Effect of Foood (TEF), Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT), and Physical Activity
When the body senses prolonged energy shortage, it becomes more efficient by burning fewer calories for the same activities. This survival response is known as this.
What is metabolic adaptation (or adaptive thermogenesis)?
Eating regularly helps the body maintain this internal balance that regulates blood sugar, metabolism, hormones, and body temperature.
What is homeostasis?
Low energy availability can suppress these reproductive hormones, sometimes causing loss of menstrual cycles.
What are estrogen and progesterone?