Question
Building complex molecules and tissues
REQUIRES ENERGY
What is anabolism
A patient has an increase waist circumference, hypertension, and elevated blood triglycerides. What disorder does the patient have?
What is metabolic syndrome?
During fasting what substance does the body use as an alternative energy source?
Ketones
What hormone increases when blood glucose becomes too low
Glucagon
The control system for hormone regulation in the body
What is Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis (HPA)
Breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones and releasing energy
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
On the neck on the back of the thyroid gland
A patient presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, hypothermia, anorexia, constipation, and memory impairment. What metabolic abnormality is most likely?
Options if needed: hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia what metabolic disorder is a likely cause?
What is diabetes?
Name 3 signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
shaking, sweating, fast or irregular heartbeat, confusion, headache, seizures, clumsiness, anxiety
Chemical and biochemical processes in the body's cells that produce energy, repair and build cells, and maintain life
What is gastroparesis
Stomach muscles slow down or stop working causing food to empty into the small intestine too slowly. (my patient had a gastric pacemaker due to gastroparesis)
Name 3 body systems that are affected by metabolism
Reproductive system, endocrine system, digestive system, renal system, cardiovascular system, renal system
What body system is where metabolism prrimarily takes place to use nutrients in the body
Digestive system
This endocrine gland controls the body's metabolism and helps control blood calcium by secreting calcitonin. It produces hormones called T3 and T4
What is the thyroid gland?
Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands. These help to regulate metabolism, growth and reproduction, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
What are hormones?
A patient presents with hyperthermia, diarrhea, muscle wasting, loss of strength, fatigue, and cardiovascular tachycardia. What metabolic abnormality is most likely the cause?
What is hyperthyroidism?
Name 3 labs you could take for a patient with a metabolic disorder
Blood glucose, A1C, lipid profile, thyroid function, CMP
Which process breaks down glucose to produce energy?
Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis (options if needed)
Glycolysis
Name 2 risk factors of metabolic disorders
Genetics and family history, lifestyle factors (inactivity and dietary patterns), older age, and specific conditions such as PCOS and metabolic syndrome
Specialized organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What are endocrine glands?
What vitamin is essential to facilitate the absorption of calciu and phosphorus in the gut. The kidneys activate this into its usable form. This helps to control the parathyroid glands.
Vitamin D
Name 3 manifestations of altered metabolism
What is uniintentional weight loss or gain, weakness and fatigue, anemia, bone pain, delayed wound healing, muscle waisting
What is hyperparathyroidism?
What is one thing you can promote to a patient for healthy metabolism?
Healthy diet, regular exercise, get enough sleep