Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions; Converting fuel to energy
What is metabolism?
The enzymes of the TCA cycle total this many.
What is 8?
Catalyzes the first reaction (step) in glycolysis
What is glucokinase or hexokinase?
The final electron acceptor in the ETC
What is O2 (dioxygen)
The primary form of lipids stored for energy
What are triacylglycerides (TAGs)?
build up; energy absorbed
vs
break down: energy released
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic processes?
The number of carbons in citrate
How many is 6?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
What is the net production of ATP and NADH from a molecule of glucose in glycolysis?
The lipid soluble carrier of electrons
What is Coenzyme C or ubiquinone?
Coupled to fatty acids to facilitate transport across membranes
What is carnitine?
The high energy bond in a nucleotide triphosphate
What is a phosphodiester bond?
24 electrons
What is the complete oxidation of glucose (to CO2)?
Acetyl-CoA, Ethanol, and Lactate
What are molecules that pyruvate can be converted to?
This happens when Complex III sends electrons on two different pathways.
What is the Q cycle? (electron bifurcation)
The target of statins
What is HMG-CoA reductase?
Provides the reducing power for anabolic processes
What is NADPH?
I am shared by the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain?
What is Succinate Dehydrogenase?
Aerobic glycolysis
What is the Warburg effect?
When protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix without producing ATP this is generated
What is heat?
Synthesized in the liver when glucose is in short supply and can be used as fuel in the brain
What are ketone bodies?
According to Wishart et al. an endoenously produced meabolte that causes adverse health affects is called...
What is a metabotoxin?
The process where metabolites "fill up" the TCA cycle
What are anaplerotic reactions?
The enzyme that produces NADH and 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate?
What is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate deyhdrogenase?
The target of cyanide, carbon monoxide, and azide.
What is Complex IV (Cytochrome C oxidase)
A C20 omega 6 fatty acid with 4 double bonds that signals cellular stress
What is Arachidonic Acid?