The nutrient used almost exclusively for ATP production is...
What is glucose?
100
Beta oxidation of fatty acids provides this intermediate reactant in cellular respiration.
What is acetyl-CoA?
100
With inadequate cellular respiration, cells will die. This is because the primary function of cellular respiration is to PRODUCE...
What is ATP (energy is not "produced" but stored in the production of high energy ATP molecules.)
100
These are three products of the citric acid cycle.
What are 2 carbon dioxide, 3 NADH, FADH2, ATP for each cycle (molecule of acetyl-CoA)?
100
Which of the following is a product of catabolism?
A) oxygen
B) proteins
C) heat
D) oxygen and heat
What is HEAT?
200
These nutrients are the building blocks of enzymes and some hormones.
What are amino acids?
200
When the amount of acetyl-CoA generated from beta-oxidation of fatty acids overwhelms the ability of the citric acid cycle and the abundance of key intermediates like oxaloacetate to metabolize it, mitochondria in hepatocytes convert the excess acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybuterate). This process is called...
What is ketogenesis?
200
The 3-carbon metabolite produced by glycolysis is called this.
What is pyruvate (or pyruvic acid)?
200
These are the lipids routinely used for energy.
What are triglycerides?
200
As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only ______________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids.
What is the brain?
300
Identify three end products of aerobic respiration.
What are H2O, CO2, and ATP
300
These are the amino acids human cells are unable to synthesize.
What are the essential amino acids?
300
This major and most primitive stage of metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is glycolysis?
300
This is the process of combining glucose molecules to form glycogen.
What is glycogenesis?
300
Identify three anabolic processes promoted by insulin.
What are protein synthesis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis?
400
Which of the follow is a lipid that is not catabolized for the generation of ATP?
1) Triglycerides
2) Fatty Acids
3) Cholesterol
4) Saturated Fat
What is cholesterol?
400
The first step in amino acid metabolism is always...
What is deamination, or the removal of amine (NH3) groups as ammonia for the formation of urea?
400
ATP-synthase generates ATP by using potential energy stored here (or in this process or by this mechanism).
What is the chemiosmotic gradient of protons across the inner-mitochondrial membrane.
i.e. the electrical and chemical gradients set up across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the electron transport chain.
400
Metabolic acidosis can result from an accumulation of this in the blood.
What are ketone bodies?
400
Glycogen is formed in the liver and skeletal muscles when the body is in this metabolic state.
What is the absorptive (fed) state?
500
This is the net ATP gain of aerobic respiration according to OUR calculations.
What is 36 molecules of ATP?
Net 2 from glycolysis.
2 from TCA cycle.
32 from oxidation of NADH, FADH2 in ETC.
500
In the glycerol pathway of lipolysis, glycerol is converted to this intermediate in glycolysis, one of the most important metabolic crossroads.
What is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or G3P (GAP or PGAL).
500
This is the ultimate source of all the energy that makes your life processes possible.
What is fusion in the sun or big bang and the formation of matter from energy that permitted the eventual H and He fusion and the re-release of that energy which is captured by plants and consumed by you, or by an animal that you then consume.
500
When triglycerides are broken down, the glycerol results in the generation of this metabolite.
What is glyceradehyde-3-phosphate, G3P.
500
This is the process of forming glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.