A
WHY is God the authority on morality
There must be a link between creator/created, humans are made in God's image so should follow his moral character
Is virtue ethics a naturalist or non-naturalist theory?
Naturalist.
Moral statements can be reduced to descriptions of behaviour and character that affect our understanding of virtue.
Describe the difference between naturalism and non-naturalism
disagree about whether moral facts can be reduced to facts rooted in human nature
What is ethical non-cognitivism?
Ethics cannot be reduced to fact, only emotions and reactios, value judgements, as Ayer says.
Give examples of some immoral commands of God that would discount the credibility of DCT
Homosexuals 'shall be put to death'
Condoning of murder, genocide
What branch of Christianity to Karl and Calvin both subscribe to?
Protestantism
Describe the difference between Bentham and Mill's utilitarianism
act/rule
higher/lower pleasures
mill says to look at action aswell not just consequence
What does Phillipa Foot argue for?
neo-naturalism
Give 3 weaknesses and 3 strengths of ethical naturalism
ill decide on the day whether i like ur answers or not :)
Is emotivism cognitivist or non-cognitivist?
non-cognitivst. morality is not about objective facts, it is about subjective emotions.
"When it is asked why the Lord did so, we must answer, because he pleased"
What is the Neo-naturalist argument?
'good' can be defined - it is what brings about human flourishing
Bentham on pleasure and pain: "they govern us in...."
"they govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think"
Describe the difference between descriptive, applied, normative and meta ethics
Descriptive - compares ethical norms in different societies.
Applied
Normative - first order ethical questions
Meta - second order ethical questions
What does W.D Ross contribute to intuitionism
Idea of intuition telling us what to do when we have conflicting prima facie duties
William of Ockham offered a solution - what was it the solution for, and what was the solution
Euthyphro dilemma: 'bite the bullet' approach adopting the first option (it's right because God commands it).
God is God, so even if God commands murder/slavery/genocide...those commands must be obeyed.
What is the other term for the naturalistic fallacy?
fallacy of equivocation - something Moore says that Mill commits when saying that since humans DO desire pleasure, it ought to therefore be desirable.
What does Robin Attfield say about Moore's 'Open Question' argument
moore is assuming that no successful definition will ever be produced, so he actually assumed his own conclusion on the way to reaching it
Finish the quote by Fyodor Dostoevsky: "If God does not exist, everything is...."
"If God does not exist, everything is permitted"
(the point is, if DCT is correct, and God doesn't exist, then morality doesn't exist)
In DCT, following God's commands leads to salvation. What is the word for the study of salvation?
Soteriology
What type of theology did Karl Barth criticise, and why?
Natural theology - humans are fallible, any ethics derived from our observations are unreliable
What example does Wittgenstein use, supporting Moore in saying that 'good' is non-natural
Good is simple and unanalysable.
In the same way as the smell of a cup of coffee.
What did Clarke think about where intuition comes from?
What was the relationship between Mill and
1) Bentham
2) Bertrand Russell
1) Mill was Bentham's godson
2) Mill was Russell's godfather
Who originally outlined the is-ought problem?
Hume, in 'A Treatise of Human Nature' (1739)