Nitrogen: 78%, Oxygen 20.94%, Argon 0.93%, Carbon dioxide 0.039%, Trace gases 0.002%
Air Composition
Earth's protection; broken up into 5 layers; contains gases, solids, and liquids. Contains thin layers of gases that hover over the earth, providing oxygen, protecting the planet from harmful UV radiation, and warming the planet by the greenhouse effect. 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gasses
Atmosphere
The types are Warm, Cold, Stationary, and Occluded (which is a warm air mass surrounded and being pushed upward by a cold air mass)
Fronts
a storm formed over oceans with a violent rotating wind, such as a tropical cyclone, with winds over 74 mph Saffir-Sampson sacle from 1-5
Hurricane
are made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The most common is also the smallest, methane
Hydrocarbons
Triple Points!
decreases with increasing altitude because atoms escape to outer space
Air Density
starts where the thermosphere ends, the air is very, very thin, we are not sure where it ends, the space station orbits here
Exosphere
a line on a map connecting points of equal temperature values
Isotherms
violently rotating funnel cloud grows downward from cumulonimbus cloud (precursor Hail) Fujita for severity 0 (65 - 85 mph) - 5 (over 200mph) based on damage
Tornadoes
a warming phase in the ENSO cycle, that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-central Equatorial Pacific
El Niño
large body of air with the same properties such as humidity, temperature and pressure
Air Mass
above the stratosphere, air temperature gets colder, most meteors vaporize here from friction with thin air
Mesosphere
are named by the direction from which they blow. The globe is encircled by six major windbelts, three in each hemisphere. From pole to equator, they are the polar easterlies, the westerlies, and the trade winds.
Global Winds
Precursors to hurricanes, with winds of 30 to 74 miles per hour
Tropical Storm
are chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine which destroy the Ozone. Used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
the force exerted by air, whether compressed or unconfined, on any surface in contact with it. Sea level of the troposphere has the greatest air pressure
Air Pressure
above the troposphere, contains the ozone layer and also the jet streams, the air temperature rises, air is not turbulent so many jets fly in its' smooth air layer of atmosphere. The ozone layer is found here.
Stratosphere
a force which causes winds to shift towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere or left in the Southern.
Coriolis Effect
narrow belts of strong westerly winds (in the USA) that move in the top of the troposphere or lower stratosphere, weather controller, there are 2 or three in each hemisphere
Jet stream
a urban area with impervious surfaces and little vegetation in which the air temperature is generally higher and dryer than rural areas.
Heat Island effect
the weight or pressure of a column of air over an object, at sea level 1 atm is 14.7 pounds per square inch
Atmospheric pressure (atm)
layer of atmosphere that is closest to ground; contains 99 water; clouds and weather occur here. About 80 of the atmospheric mass is found here, many jets travel here, air gets cold really fast, jet streams can be high here.
Troposphere
a line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.
Isobars
a rotating storm, types are; Hurricanes, cyclones and tornadoes
Cyclonic storms
is a term used to describe significant changes to the chemistry of the ocean. It occurs when carbon dioxide gas (or CO2) is absorbed by the ocean and reacts with seawater to produce carbonic acid
Ocean Acidification