Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Paper Chromatography
100

What is the purpose of filtration in chemistry?  

to separate solids from liquids or gases in order to purify or isolate substances, removing impurities or unwanted particles.  

100

What is crystallization in chemistry?

to separate solute from solution.

100

What is the purpose of simple distillation?

to separate the solvent from a solution.

100

What is the purpose of fractional distillation in chemistry?

to separate two miscible liquids with different boiling points. 

100

What is the name of the line near the bottom edge of the chromatography paper?

base line
200

Name all the apparatus needed in the filtration.

funnel, filter paper, conical flask

200

Describe the changes in the solute and solvent at the end of the crystallisation process. 

solute becomes a solid crystal. 

solvent evaporated into vapour. 

200

How does simple distillation work?

the mixture is heated and the substance with the lower boiling point vaporizes first. The vapour is then condensed back into liquid. 

200

How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation?

a fractionating column is used

200

What is paper chromatography?

a technique used to separate and identify the unknown substances in a mixture

300
Name the substance that is left behind on the filter paper after filtration.

residue

300

Can you give examples of where we use crystallization?

make sugar, salt or any reasonable answers.
300

What is the role of a condenser in simple distillation?

condense the vapour 

300

What are the two uses of glass beads in the fractionating column?

1) to provide more surface area in condensation.

2) to slow down the rate of diffusion of vapour. 

300

Why some of the pigment travelled further from the baseline?

dissolve better in the solvent and have less attractive force with the chromatography paper. 
400
Name the substance that passed through the filter paper after filtration. 

Filtrate

400

What is solubility?

the maximum solute can be dissolved at that temperature in a specific solvent volume.

400

How is the purity of the distillate assessed?

to check the boiling point of the distillate.

400

give two everyday examples of using fractional distillation. 

separate alcohol from fermentation 

separate petroleum 

400

How can you calculate Rf in paper chromatography?

Rf = Distance travelled by substance / Total distance travelled by solvent.

500

In a mixture of sand and salt, describe how you could recover both the sand and the salt separately using filtration.

- Add water

- filter the salt out from the solution

- heat the filtrate until completely dried. 

500

What role do impurities play in the appearance and quality of crystals?

it can affect the color, size, and shape of crystals

500

Why is it important to use a thermometer during simple distillation?

to monitor the temperature of the vapor in the distillation setup.

500

Why is fractional distillation considered a physical separation method?

Fractional distillation is a physical separation method because it separates components based on their physical properties, such as boiling points, without changing their chemical composition.

500

How to make colourless spots visible?

spray locating agent

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