Filtration
What is the purpose of filtration in chemistry?
to separate solids from liquids or gases in order to purify or isolate substances, removing impurities or unwanted particles.
What is crystallization in chemistry?
to separate solute from solution.
What is the purpose of simple distillation?
to separate the solvent from a solution.
What is the purpose of fractional distillation in chemistry?
to separate two miscible liquids with different boiling points.
What is the name of the line near the bottom edge of the chromatography paper?
base line
Name all the apparatus needed in the filtration.
funnel, filter paper, conical flask
Describe the changes in the solute and solvent at the end of the crystallisation process.
solute becomes a solid crystal.
solvent evaporated into vapour.
How does simple distillation work?
the mixture is heated and the substance with the lower boiling point vaporizes first. The vapour is then condensed back into liquid.
How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation?
a fractionating column is used
What is paper chromatography?
a technique used to separate and identify the unknown substances in a mixture
residue
Can you give examples of where we use crystallization?
What is the role of a condenser in simple distillation?
condense the vapour
What are the two uses of glass beads in the fractionating column?
1) to provide more surface area in condensation.
2) to slow down the rate of diffusion of vapour.
Why some of the pigment travelled further from the baseline?
Filtrate
What is solubility?
the maximum solute can be dissolved at that temperature in a specific solvent volume.
How is the purity of the distillate assessed?
to check the boiling point of the distillate.
give two everyday examples of using fractional distillation.
separate alcohol from fermentation
separate petroleum
How can you calculate Rf in paper chromatography?
Rf = Distance travelled by substance / Total distance travelled by solvent.
In a mixture of sand and salt, describe how you could recover both the sand and the salt separately using filtration.
- Add water
- filter the salt out from the solution
- heat the filtrate until completely dried.
What role do impurities play in the appearance and quality of crystals?
it can affect the color, size, and shape of crystals
Why is it important to use a thermometer during simple distillation?
to monitor the temperature of the vapor in the distillation setup.
Why is fractional distillation considered a physical separation method?
Fractional distillation is a physical separation method because it separates components based on their physical properties, such as boiling points, without changing their chemical composition.
How to make colourless spots visible?
spray locating agent