General Knowledge
What does MFM stand for?
Maternal Fetal Medicine
What does BPD stand for?
Biparietal Diameter
What is the "lemon sign" associated with?
Spina Bifida / Open Neural Tube Defect
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
VSD
Which of the following cannot be an identical twining?
A- Dichorionic Diamniotic
B- Monochorionic Diamniotic
C- Monochorionic Monoamniotic
D- All can be identical.
D- All can be identical
What is the most common reason for a high risk pregnancy?
Advanced Maternal Age
What is the most accurate biometric parameter for dating a pregnancy in the first trimester?
Crown-rump length
A septated & fluid-filled mass in the posterior neck is a _____.
Cystic Hygroma
What vessel is evaluated to detect fetal anemia?
Middle Cerebral Artery
What condition is characterized by a donor and recipient twin?
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)
What are the four components of a biophysical profile (BPP) assessed by ultrasound?
Fetal breathing, fetal movement, fetal tone, amniotic fluid
What is the earliest gestational age FL should be evaluated for dating?
14 weeks 0 days
What condition is most commonly characterized by large echogenic kidneys?
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidneys
Absent or reversed diastolic flow within the UA is indicative of severe _____ ______.
Placental Insufficiency
What sign indicates a dichorionic - diamniotic pregnancy?
Lambda Sign / Twin Peak
Which structure is typically the first visible sign of an intrauterine pregnancy on ultrasound?
Gestational sac
What formula do we use for estimating fetal weight?
Hadlock
Which trisomy is most often associated with holoprosencephaly?
Trisomy 13
Another name for an endocardial cushion defect is _____.
atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
What is the sonographic appearance of a circumvallate placenta?
A large & thick "septation" next to the uterine wall & placenta.
What is the CRL range for the nuchal translucency scan?
45mm - 84mm
What fetal growth pattern is typical of symmetric IUGR?
Proportionally reduced head and abdominal measurements.
What anomaly has the sonographic appearance of a large cystic structure within the fetal brain containing a lot of vascular flow?
Vein of Galen
What are the 4 possible components of a Tetralogy of Fallot?
ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis/atresia, and right ventricular hypertrophy
The "TRAP" in TRAP sequence stands for ____ ____ ____ ____.
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion