Prompting
_____ shot prompting provides several examples to guide the AI, making it the single most reliable way to get the model to imitate your intent, style, or format.
Few
_____ _______ _______ are specialized hardware that performs many calculations at once, which is essential for the math behind AI and machine learning.
Graphical Processing Unit
Geoffrey Hinton stated that this industry was in deep trouble in 2016 due to advances in image recognition technology.
Radiology
The cost of producing or distributing an additional unit of a digital good or service is virtually _____ — a key economic characteristic of weak AI.
Zero (Zero Marginal Cost)
Step-by-step procedures for solving problems or accomplishing tasks that take inputs, process them according to defined rules, and produce outputs.
Algorithm
A ________ prompt is the hidden set of foundational instructions — typically written by developers — that defines the AI's persona, rules, and boundaries before the conversation begins.
System
The process of breaking down input text into smaller units — often words or parts of words — that the AI model can read and process.
Tokenization
Coined by economist Joseph Schumpeter as 'the engine of capitalism,' this is the process where new technologies displace old ones, destroying old industries but creating new opportunities.
Creative Destruction
________ AI is task-specific, follows algorithms, and operates at zero marginal cost. In contrast, strong AI mirrors human reasoning but has marginal costs due to token usage.
Weak
_________ Law states that the financial value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users (n²).
Metcalfe's Law
The prompting technique where the model is explicitly asked to review its initial response for errors or improvements, simulating built-in peer review to produce a sharper second version.
Self-criticism
LLMs are inherently _______ — when they generate text, they do so based on probabilities assigned to various possible next words or tokens, unlike deterministic systems that always produce the same output.
Probabilistic
The economic principle where technological advances make a resource more efficient to use, but because demand is highly price elastic, total consumption of that resource actually increases rather than decreases.
Jevon's Paradox
_____, ______, and ________ are the three advantages enabled by AI-driven operating models.
Scale, Scope, and Learning
A _________ firm relies on a human-centric operating model whose growth is limited by operational complexities, while a digital firm's core is built on software, data, and AI.
Traditional
As context windows fill up, earlier details lose influence, increasing the risk of context _______ and subtle misalignment in later outputs.
Drift
The fixed limit of 'short-term memory' available to the model, defining exactly how much of your prompt, data, and conversation history it can retain and process at one time.
Context Window
The ease of training AI to solve a task is proportional to how ________ the task is. All tasks that are possible to solve and easy to _______ will eventually be solved by AI.
Verfiable/Verify
A system where software and algorithms form the core of how a company delivers value, with computers performing critical operational tasks in real time, such as setting prices or recommending products.
Digital Operating Model
A company that adopts a digital business model without changing its human-centric operating model creates a ________, where physical infrastructure and manual processes cannot keep up.
Bottleneck
A method often prompted with requests like 'list the sub-problems you need to solve,' that breaks a big question into smaller, ordered parts for better reasoning and fewer mistakes.
Decomposition
The key software breakthrough published in 2017 in a paper called 'Attention is All You Need' that became the core architecture powering all large language models.
The Transformer
A technology that can be applied across many different sectors of the economy and has a transformative impact — like electricity, the internet, or AI.
General Purpose Technology
The process where a company re-architects its operating model to a digital and AI-enabled foundation to enhance or automate tasks, while keeping its existing business model intact.
Digital Transformation
Products, services, or organizations that are fundamentally designed and built around artificial intelligence from the start, rather than adding it on later.
AI- Native