Extent of Racism
According to Dennett, what did the white perputrators of the Wright murder expect?
To be able to take a black life without having to fear retribution.
How did the war contribute to the movement of AA to the North?
The increase in industries in the north, allowed for an opening of employment for AA. Thus, more people moved to gain work.
Provide the 4 abbreviated names of the CRM groups.
NAACP, CORE, SCLC and SNCC
What was the defining turnpoint of the Civil Rights Era?
The passing of the Brown VS Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954.
What are the two main groups of opposition to the CRM?
The Ku Klux Klan and the White Citizen's Council
Name the case, date and slogan used to formally create segregation.
Plessy VS Ferguson, 1896, Seperate but Equal.
What aspects pulled AA to the North and which ones pushed them from the South?
Pull - Employment prospects
Push - Social and economic problems in the south
What approach did CORE undertake, what individual did this stem from? and what activity did they successfully undertake in Chicago?
Non-violent originally, until the murder of the boys in the Mississippi Summer of '64. Took the approach from Ghandi and they successfully undertook "Sit-Ins"
What happened in 1963, and why was it important?
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, illustrated the power of an integrated approach to political pressure as a method of bringing about change.
How many interations of the KKK were there, and what prompted each one?
3.
1st emerged from the remains of the confederate army.
2nd emerged as a result of the film "Birth of a Nation" and the idea of nativism.
3rd was a direct response to the Brown VS Board of Education of 1954.
Describe the Malcom Wright murder.
In July 1949, Wright was riding his mule-driven wagon with his wife and children near Houston, Mississippi. Three white men in a car nearly pushed the wagon off the road. The white men then stopped the wagon and beat Wright to death in front of his family.
Assess the pros and cons of living in the north.
The North allowed AA to have more access to political and legal systems, however, cultural traditions still maintained a subtle racism that condemned the Black community to the poorest sections of the rapidly growing cities.
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Provide the key events/achievements of the following groups:
-NAACP
- CORE
- SCLC
- SNCC
NAACP - Brown Vs Board of Education (1954)
CORE - Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)
SCLC - Operation Breadbasket and Citizenship Education Program
SNCC - Black voter registration, the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964 and the passing of the Civil Rights Act
What are the three types of methods used, and what is one specificexample for each method?
Boycott - Montgomery Bus
Direct Action - Sit Ins at Greensboro or Read's Drug Store
Political Agitation - The 1963 March on Washington
Why was the White Citizen's council different to that of the KKK, how many people supported it after its first 3 years, and what evidence is there for their ideologies?
The WCC was different as it was more focussed on the holding back on Civil Rights via economic powers (such as the banks). By it's third year it had over 50,000 members, and their production of books which stated that heaven was segregated was evidence of their ideologies.
What was Plessy VS Ferguson, what caused the case in the first place, what was the ruling?
Plessy VS Ferguson passed in 1896 was a Supreme Court case which was passed after Homer Plessy, a black New Orleans shoemaker, entered a white carriage of a Louisiana train in 1892. Plessy was brought before a judge and he pleaded the 14th ammendment to the US law on the case of segregation being unconstitutional. The Ammendment guaranteed legal but not social equality, and states had the right to enforce segregation as long as black people were provided with equal facilities.
Explain the role of Truman in the start of the CRM including the key changes he made.
Truman oversaw a range of activities centred on expanding civil rights for black Americans. Changes included forming the first presidential Civil Rights Commision (1946), outlawing bus segregation (1946) and desegregating the armed forces (1948).
Without looking in the textbooks: Provide the unabbreviated names for:
NAACP, CORE, SCLC, SNCC
National Associations for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC).
How did the arts and sport impact the CRM?
Music by black artists, such as Nina Simone, Stevie Wonder and Aretha Franklin exposed the world to the ongoing problems in America, being hard for the government to deny their claims.
Similarly, the Mexico olympics of 1968, saw two AA runners, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, place in the 200m. As the event was the first to be televised live, their defiance on the podium, by wearing a black glove and raising a fist to symbolise Black Power, drew international media attention to the issues on the homefront.
Analyse Source 22 and explain how it helps to understand resistance to the Civil Rights Movement.
At least 3 examples needed.
Resistance was widely supported by the South, and those who had affiliations with Confederate history, as shown by the flags. Addtionally the large white population provides insight into the nature of segregation and the South's want to maintain the status quo. The mixture of both adults and children show that resistance and the support of segregation was not limited to age restictions, but was indoctrinated into the youth.
This federal‑backed housing practice, formalised by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation in the 1930s, systematically denied mortgages to Black neighbourhoods, shaping racial wealth inequality for generations.
Redlining
Threatening a 100,000‑person march on Washington in 1941, this labour leader forced Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802, banning discrimination in defence industries.
A. Philip Randolph
This group focused on economic advancement, job training, and housing rather than mass protest, making it a key but often overlooked player in the movement’s urban strategy.
National Urban League
Created during Freedom Summer of 1964, these institutions used education as activism, teaching Black history, political literacy, and critical thinking to empower young people to challenge segregation.
Freedom Schools
In 1964, Southern senators attempted to block the Civil Rights Act with a record‑length filibuster lasting 60 working days, led by this South Carolina senator.
Strom Thurmond