Influenza
Influenza virus capsid can be rounded and ______?
What is Class 1? What are dsDNA viruses?
The CRISPR complex is composed of what components?
What is crRNA, tracrRNA and endonuclease protein (cas9)?
Where does viral variation come from? (Name 2)
What are mutations & genetic exchange?
What is Influenza's Baltimore class? Genome characteristics?
What is class 5? What is segmented (-) ssRNA?
This poxvirus infectious virion has two envelopes and exits the cell by _____?
What are extracellular enveloped virus? (EEV) What is exocytosis and then pushed away by actin tails?
In order for anti-CRISPR proteins to work, the cell would need what?
The reason why microbes cannot be readily cultivated in the lab
What is the great plate count anomaly?
Protein that protects viral mRNAs when they are in the endosome, but make it hard for mRNAs to get into the nucleus
What are matrix proteins? (To be exact, M1 protein).
The causative agent of human smallpox
What is the variola virus?
What are nucleoside analogs?
The intimate and beneficial relationship between two different species (with one "living" on or in the other)
What is mutualistic symbiosis?
If 5' LTR integrates into genome of an infected cell with HIV, the entire engineered transfer vector segment would be packaged into an HIV virion and spread to other CD4 T cells.
Strategy where RdRP grabs and cleaves this from host mRNA and stick it onto viral mRNA
What is cap-snatching (of 5' caps)?
Name 4 reasons for the eradication of small pox?
What is?
1.) efficient vaccine
2.) infections always had symptoms (easy to identify cases)
3.) no carriers or latent infections
4.) no animal reservoir
Name a few problems with AZT (Azido-deoxythymidine) and why ACV is better than AZT.
1. may inhibit mitochondrial DNA polymerase
2. low TI
3. low half life
4. low compliance
5. high resistance from viruses
Viral recombination in this virus requires coinfection
What are retroviruses
Why was 1999-2009 a decade of failure for viral therapies?
What is 1/4 of people in retroviral therapy for SCID developing leukemia?
Exit mechanism where the cell can stay alive and produce more Influenza virions.
What is budding?
Smallpox vaccination used to be done with a 2 pronged needle dipped into vaccine solution and then punctured into the arm. What is this needle called?
What is a bifurcated needle?
How does CRISPR-cas9 serve as a bacterial defense against viruses?
Answer should include something like:
Viral genomes placed into CRISPR array locus. The CRISPR-cas9 complexes cuts up any phage that it recognizes.
The alerting of neighboring cells that there is an infection nearby
What is interferon signaling?
Name 1 success from using viral therapy.
Possible answers:
1.) Leber's congenital amaurosis (blindness) - RPE65 gene with AAV delivery to the retina
2.) Epidermolysis bullosa - Laminin 332/LamB3 gene; retroviral delivery to skin stem cells
3.) Spinal muscle atrophy - gene SMN1; AAV deliver to neurons