HIV
HIV primarily attaches to this receptor found on T-helper cells.
What is the CD4 receptor?
This antimalarial treatment combines an artemisinin-class drug with one or more nonartemisinin drugs to help combat resistant strains of Plasmodium.
What is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)?
This antiretroviral drug, also known as zidovudine, was the first medication approved to treat HIV/AIDS.
What is AZT?
Together, mucus and the coordinated movement of cilia create this important respiratory defense mechanism.
What is the mucociliary escalator?
Skin lesions that represent the initial manifestation of a disease or infection are classified as this type of lesion.
What are primary lesions?
Place these HIV replication events in the correct order:
Integration → Attachment → Budding → Reverse transcription → Assembly
What is Attachment → Reverse transcription → Integration → Assembly →Budding?
This antiparasitic medication is commonly used to treat infections caused by tapeworms and flukes.
What is praziquantel?
Isoniazid inhibits the production of these important components of the waxy cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What are mycolic acids?
True or False. Haemophilus influenzae is the organism that causes influenza (the flu).
False.
A patient suffers a deep puncture wound contaminated with soil. Within two days, the patient develops severe pain, swelling, tissue destruction, and a foul-smelling discharge. Imaging reveals gas within the affected muscle tissue. An anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium is suspected. What infection and organism are most likely responsible?
What are gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) and Clostridium perfringens?
Name the three major HIV enzymes involved in the replication cycle.
What are reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease?
This class of antifungal drugs works by interfering with the production of ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell membrane.
What are azoles?
A hospitalized patient develops a serious infection caused by MRSA. The physician selects a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis.
What is vancomycin?
These immune cells are found within the alveoli and engulf microorganisms that reach the lower respiratory tract.
What are alveolar macrophages?
A patient develops several small, red, pus-filled bumps surrounding individual hair follicles after shaving. The lesions are mildly painful and itchy. A bacterial infection of the hair follicles is suspected. What condition does this patient most likely have?
What is folliculitis?
An HIV medication prevents newly produced viral DNA from becoming incorporated into the host cell's chromosome. Which enzyme is being inhibited?
What is integrase?
Echinocandin drugs interfere with the production of this important component of the fungal cell wall.
What is beta-glucan?
A patient receiving IV vancomycin too rapidly develops flushing and redness of the face, neck, and upper body.
What is vancomycin infusion reaction, historically called Red Man Syndrome?
Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of this upper respiratory tract infection.
What is the common cold?
A patient presents with multiple soft, flesh-colored, cauliflower-like growths in the genital area. The lesions are not painful. Testing confirms infection with a sexually transmitted DNA virus. What condition and virus should be suspected?
What are genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)?
This type of cancer can occur more frequently in people with advanced HIV/AIDS and often produces purple, red, or brown lesions on the skin.
What is Kaposi sarcoma?
Nystatin and amphotericin B belong to this class of antifungal drugs.
What are polyenes?
Because of its potential for serious toxicity when administered systemically, this antibiotic is primarily used topically to treat or prevent minor skin infections.
What is bacitracin?
This bacterial species is the major cause of streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly called strep throat.
What is Streptococcus pyogenes?
A patient with extensive burns develops a wound infection while hospitalized. The wound produces a blue-green discharge with a characteristic fruity odor. Culture identifies a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes opportunistic infections in burn patients. What organism is the most likely cause of this infection?
What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?