Cells
Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
metaphase
how do you know what pipette to use?
the smallest pipette possible to measure the amount you need
monomer of proteins
amino acids
pH lower than 7, higher concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions
acid
Endonuclease enzymes that cut DNA art specific sequences
Restriction Enzymes
process of cell division that produces 4 haploid daughter cells
meiosis
How do you label a plate for bacteria culture
on the bottom, in small neat print around the edge
bonds between amino acids
peptide bonds
a small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms, physically separate from chromosomal DNA and replicate independently
plasmid
Goal: amplify DNA, produce many copies, process: Thermocycler denatures, anneals, and extends original DNA to make many copies
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
immune cells that function to produce antibodies
B-cells
What to do before you use the pH meter?
take the cap off
biological molecule that contains C, H, O, N, P
nucleic acid
The process by which foreign DNA (plasmid) is introduced into a bacteria
bacterial transformation
Process of making protein using mRNA template, ribosomes
Translation
cell structure that synthesizes proteins
ribosome
How to tell if a solution is a buffer?
take pH, add acid, take pH again, if no change in pH the solution is a buffer
biological molecules that are often enzymes
proteins
Alkaline, pH higher than 7, higher concentration of hydroxyl (OH-) ions
base
Process of making mRNA from DNA template, RNA polymerase enzyme
Transcription
site of transcription of DNA to mRNA
nucleus
Tare
hydrophobic molecules, form cell membranes
lipids
stain added to DNA sample to be placed in gel electrophoresis
loading dye
bonds that hold together strands of DNA
hydrogen bonds