Protestant Reformation
What major religious movement began in the 1500s?
Protestant Reformation
What council responded to the Protestant Reformation?
Council of Trent
Who wrote the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther
What movement renewed the Catholic Church in response to the Reformation?
Catholic Reformation
Who founded the Jesuits?
St. Ignatius of Loyola
What practice involving remission of temporal punishment became a major controversy?
Indulgences
In what Italian city did the council first meet?
Trent
What document did Luther famously publish in 1517?
95 Theses
What religious order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola?
Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
What is the Church's teaching authority called?
Magisterium
What invention helped Reformation ideas spread rapidly?
Printing press
What two sources of revelation did Trent affirm?
Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition
What principle taught that Scripture alone was the highest authority?
Sola Scriptura
What spiritual practice was developed by St. Ignatius?
Spiritual Exercises
What term means being made righteous or just before God?
Justification
What doctrine did many reformers emphasize concerning salvation by faith?
Sola Fide
What did Trent affirm happens to bread and wine during the Eucharist?
Transubstantiation
In what year did Luther publish the 95 Theses?
1517
What was one major purpose of Catholic seminaries?
To better educate and train priests
What sacrament involves confessing sins and receiving absolution?
Reconciliation (Confession)
What major division of Western Christianity resulted from the Reformation?
The division between Catholics and Protestants
What did Trent teach about salvation regarding faith and good works?
God's grace saves us, and faith is lived out through love and good works
At what meeting was Luther asked to defend and recant his teachings?
Diet of Worms
What saint helped reform the Carmelite Order during the Catholic Reformation?
St. Teresa of Ávila
What term describes the change of the Eucharistic bread and wine into Christ's Body and Blood?
Transubstantiation