Hardy-Weinberg
What does the p-value in the equation represent?
Frequency of the dominant allele
Phenotype
Physical characteristics we can see.
What are the basic conditions of natural selection?
2. Competition
3. Adaptations
4. Selection
A population of sheep is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allele for white wool (W) has an allele frequency of 0.19, and the allele for black wool (w) has an allele frequency of 0.81.
What is the percentage of heterozygous individuals in the population?
31%
What are the 5 things needed for equilibrium?
1. No Selection
2. No mutation
3. No migration
4. Large population
5. Random Mating
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a specific phenotype.
Types of Natural Selection
In corn, purple kernels are dominant to yellow. A random sample of 100 kernels is taken from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It is found that 9 kernels are yellow and 91 kernels are purple.
What is the frequency of the yellow allele in this population?
0.3
What is the hardy-weinberg equation?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
q-value
Recessive allele frequency
Types of Genetic Drift
Founder and Bottleneck effect
A small group of squirrels gets separated from the rest of the population due to a large flood. These squirrels, now confined to this new island, begin to start a new population.
This is an example of which of the following?
Sympatric speciation, Bottleneck effect, Founder effect, or Genetic drift
Founder Effect
What genotype is harmful for Sickle Cell Anemia?
Homozygous recessive genotype
aa
Why are homozygous wolves at a disadvantage?
The least aggressive
What mechanism of evolution occurs when allele frequencies change over generations due to random chance?
Genetic drift
What genotype is the advantage for the wolves?
Heterozygous
Bottleneck effect
A sudden reduction in population size due to a change in the environment. The resulting gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original population’s gene pool.
What disease are the wolves protected from?
Canine distemper
In humans, babies that are born too small often lack the reserves to thrive, and babies that are too large are prone to difficult births.
Since babies at the extremes are less likely to survive, evolutionary pressures favor moderately-sized babies.
What type of selection is this an example of?
Stabilizing selection