Chapter 1
What are the types of microorganisms?
bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites
what makes up basic structures, elements important in microbiology (C, H, O, N, P, S)?
Atoms and Molecules
Two types of microscopy
Light microscopy, electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
Structures in a prokaryotic cell
Cell wall (peptidoglycan in bacteria), plasma membrane, ribosomes, flagella, pili, fimbriae.
Physical: Temperature, pH, osmotic pressure.Chemical: Carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements.
Define Microbiology
The study of very small life
what type of bonds are covalent, ionic, hydrogen.
Chemical Bonds
types of stains
Simple, differential (Gram, acid-fast), and special stains.
what two types of heat can be used to physically get rid of microorganisms?
Moist (autoclaving, pasteurization) vs. dry heat.
What are the phases of the growth Curve?
Lag, log, stationary, death.
Who discovered microbes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What provided structure and function to macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
What is the lowest magnification?
10X
what are the chemical methods to get rid of microorganisms?
Disinfectants and antiseptics
What is adaptive immunity?
Specific immunity, your second line of defense
Who came up with Germ Theory and pasteurization?
Louis Pasteur
Provides membrane structure, energy storage.
Lipids
What is the highest magnification?
400X
what are the key agents in controlling microbial growth by chemical means?
Alcohols, halogens, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds.
What is innate Immunity?
your first line of defense, the same every time, nonspecific
Who made postulates, connection between specific microbes and diseases?
Robert Koch
DNA, RNA structure, and roles.
Nucleic acids
What Units are used?
Micrometers, nanometers
What are two resistant forms of microbes
Endospores, Biofilms
what are the types of antibodies
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD