Cell Membrane
Function of the cell membrane.
What is maintains the cytoplasm and regulates sodium potassium, and water levels in the cell?
Describe membrane proteins.
What is proteins act as receptors, second messenger system, enzymes, channel proteins, carrier proteins, and cell identity markers?
Organelle type for mitochondria.
What is membrane-bound?
Function of the rough ER .
What is protein synthesis?
Function of the smooth ER.
What is steroid synthesis (testosterone in Leydig cells), detoxify alcohol and drugs, and stores and releases calcium?
Function of the Golgi body.
What is sorts, processes, and packages proteins.?
Function of lysosomes.
What is digests macromolecules and removes waste?
Function of a peroxisome.
What is a membrane-bound organelle that neutralizes free radicals and detoxifies blood-borne toxins?
Function of the cytoskeleton
What is the non-membrane bound structure supports cell shape and movement.
Function of the nucleus.
What is a membrane-bound organelle that stores genetic material?
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
What is the 3 laminae - outer dense, middle light, and inner dense and phospholipid bilayer?
Structure of membrane proteins.
What are peripheral proteins and transmembrane proteins?
Describe structure of mitochondria.
What is a double membrane, cristae, and matrix with circular DNA?
Describe the structure of the rough ER.
What is ribosomes (that translate mRNA to polypeptide), cisternae, and lumen?
This organelle detoxifies alcohol and drugs in the liver.
What is smooth ER?
This golgi face receives protein vesicles from the adjoining Rough ER.
What is the CIS phase?
This type of lysosome is newly synthesized and homogenous.
What is a primary lysosome?
The organs that peroxisomes are important to.
What is the liver and kidney?
These 6 nm filaments are composed of actin.
What are microfilaments?
This type of chromatin is lightly stained and more metabolically active.
What is euchromatin?
Particles that have difficulty passing through the cell membrane
What are water soluble and positively charged particles?
Location of transmembrane proteins
What are glycolipids?
Function of the mitochondria.
What is ATP synthesis, steroid synthesis, and synthesis of the 13 mitochondrial proteins?
Function of the lumen.
What is proteins produced here for export?
Smooth ER stores and releases this for muscle contraction.
What is calcium?
Describe the TRANS phase.
What is forms secretory granules as vesicles detach?
Describe secondary part of lysosome.
What is heterogenous/heterophagosome fused with bacteria from the outside of the cell?
Peroxisomes are often confuse with these.
What is lysosomes?
These 10 nm structures resist stress on the cell.
This type of chromatin is darkly stained.
What is heterochromatin?
Particles that pass easily through the cell membrane
What are lipid soluble and negatively charged particles?
These proteins account for only 2% of membrane molecules but 50% of membrane weight.
What are membrane proteins?
Origin of mitochondria.
What is from bacteria due to similar DNA and ribosomes?
These ribosomes, not attached to the RER, make proteins that stay in the cell.
What are polyribosomes?
The smooth ER contains cisternae and this internal compartment.
What is the lumen?
Golgi body transports and creates these.
What is proteins and lipids and creation of lysosomes?
Describe tertiary lysosome.
What is a the residual body contains undigested material such as lipofuscin pigment?
Peroxisomes detoxify these substances.
What is alcohol, drugs, and blood-borne toxins?
These 25 nm cylindrical structures help move organelles.
hint: railroad tracks
What are microtubules?
Most cells have one nucleus, but these have two.
What are liver cells?
Each lamina of the cell membrane measures about this many nanometers.
What is 2-3 nm?
These markers attached to membrane proteins help cells recognize each other.
What are cell identity markers?
Stain used for mitochondria.
What is succinate dehydrogenase?
Describe the structure of the cisternae.
What is the structure is composed of flattened sacs and is found in the RER?
This staining characteristic is associated with the Smooth ER.
What is eosinophilia?
The stain is used to visualize the golgi body.
What is silver nitrate?
This enzyme is used to stain lysosomes.
What is acid phosphatase
Stains for peroxisomes.
What is catalase enzyme?
Describe the cytoplasmic inclusions.
What are metabolic byproducts that can be endogenous or exogenous?
This cell type is multi-nucleated and formed by fusion of macrophages.
What is a giant cell?