Microbe Basics
What a virus needs to replicate
A host cell
True or false: everyone's microbiome is unique/individual
True
Something designed to prevent disease, not eliminate the microbe entirely
Vaccine
Type of medicine/drug used to treat bacterial infections
Antibiotics
Main reason why vaccine development is more demanding than antibiotic development
We demand fewer side effects because vaccines are given to healthy people
A microbe
A living organism too small to see with the naked eye
Community of microbes living in your body
Microbiome
The difference between infection and disease
Infection is the presence of a microbe; disease is when it causes symptoms
Definition of antibiotic resistance
When microbes evolve to be able to survive drugs that used to kill them
Revolutionary tool that predicts microbial protein structures using AI
AlphaFold
A community of microbes living in your body
Microbiota
Organ system most directly influenced by the gut microbiome?
Digestive system
Microbe's ability or likelihood to cause severe disease
Virulence
Reason why antibiotic development has slowed
No financial incentive
Type of cell that Salmonella injects its proteins into
Intestinal epithelial cells
Three types of microbes
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae
Other organ the microbiome affects
The brain
Microbial attributes that enable a microbe to cause disease
Virulence factors
What the speaker compared antibiotic resistance to
Climate change
Instead of altering DNA, Salmonella uses this to inject proteins into host cells
Microinjection device
Number of acres the Humongous Fungus in Oregon (Armillaria ostoyae) covers
2300
Number of bacterial species in the human gut
Around 1000
Illness that requires a large number of organisms to cause infection but is hard to recover once you get it
Cholera
How quickly some microbes can reproduce
20 minutes
Type of imaging that revealed how Salmonella connects with mitochondria
Cryo-electron tomograph or cryo-ET