Matter and energy
Energy is the ability to
do work
What is the first law of thermodynamics
energy is neither created nor destroyed
chemical reactions are at equilibrium when
Gibbs free energy is equal to 0
What is energy measured in
calories or Joules
what is entropy
disorder
What is the formula for Gibbs free energy
G products- G reactants
What comes from the hydrolysis of ATP
ADP and P +energy
chemical energy is stored in
covalent bonds in molecules
entropy always ______ in an isolated system
Increases (second law)
chemical reactions are exergonic and spontaneous when
Gibbs free energy is less than 0
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism
catabolism is a chemical reaction that breaks down molecules
anabolism is a chemical reaction that builds up molecules
what shell of electrons have the greatest potential energy
the outer shell
entropy increases when energy is
transferred or transformed
chemical reactions are endergonic and nonspontaneous when
Gibbs free energy is greater than 0
ATP hydrolysis drives an ______ process
endergonic
light energy is the ______? and is an example of _____ energy?
movement of electromagnetic waves; kinetic
A bear that ate a fish with chemical energy, then ran off. What kind of energy did the chemical energy transform into
kinetic energy
When energy is released during a catabolic reaction, is it endergonic or exergonic
exergonic
How much energy does the hydrolysis of ATP give off
7.3 kcal/mol