Bonds & Interactions
What bond shares electrons evenly?
Non-Polar Covalent Bond
These scientists discovered the first microorganisms
Hooke and Leeuwenhoek
What are the 4 macromolecules that we've talked about?
Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids
Definition of Media/Medium
Contains nutrients capable of supporting the growth of microorganisms
Why are prokaryotes hard to see in microscopes?
They are small and lack pigmentation
What is the covalent bond called that links amino acids together?
Peptide Bond
This scientist disproved spontaneous generation
Pasteur
True or False: The amino group is the beginning of amino acids, the carboxyl group is the end of amino acids and the R-group varies depending on the amino acid.
True
Definition of Spontaneous generation
microorganisms and other forms of life arise from non-living material
What is the difference between magnification and resolution when it comes to microscopes?
Magnification allows for the observation of small objects while resolution allows for small objects that are close together to be discerned as separate and distinct.
______ ______ is the attraction of opposite partial charges of atoms.
Hydrogen Bonding
This scientist proposed a new classification system using 3 domains
Woese
What are the four bases and their pairs for DNA?
*Extra points if can name the bases and their pairs for RNA
DNA: Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
RNA: Adenine-Uracil, Guanine-Cytosine
What is the difference between Inoculation and Incubation?
Inoculation - adding microorganisms to the medium
Incubation - placing inoculated media at a specific temperature for a certain time
What does a Transmission Electron Microscope allow us to see?
It allows us to view the internal structures of cells
Polar or non-polar covalent bonds formation depends on what?
Electronegativity
This scientist is credited for the endosymbiotic theory
Margulis
What are the two polysaccharides we talked about and their characteristics?
Storage Polysaccharides: flexible, easily broken down, used as an energy source/storage
Structural Polysaccharides: Rigid, not easily broken down, used in cell walls
What is the difference between emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases?
Emerging - caused by new microbes
Re-Emerging - caused by old microbes
What are the two types of positive staining and their definitions?
Simple Staining - uses 1 dye and allows for shape and arrangement determination
Differential Staining - uses 2+ dyes and allows for identification/classification of distinguishing between groups of bacteria
What are the 3 different covalent bonds for Proteins, Nucleic Acids and Carbohydrates?
Peptide Bond, Phosphodiester Bond and Glycosidic Bond
These scientists are important in the discovery of DNA and its properties.
Name 2, extra points if can name all 5!
-Chargaff
-Wilkins and Franklin
-Watson and Crick
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds between carbons, linear appearance, solid consistency
Unsaturated fatty acids: at least 1 double covalent bond between carbons, either solid (trans) consistency or liquid(cis), both linear (trans) or bent (cis) structure
Definition of denaturation
The loss of shape under high temperatures, high acidity, or high alkalinity for proteins
What are the three types of light microscopes?
*Extra points if can name the difference between them
Bright-Field - dark object, light background; requires staining that kills bacteria
Dark-field - light object, dark background; doesn't require staining, can see bacteria motile
Phase-Contrast - enhanced contrast between objects and background; doesn't require staining, can see bacteria motile